30 June 2022	30 June 2021	31 December 2021
NET ASSET VALUE
NET ASSET VALUE (CUM INCOME) (£'000) (1)	354,218	358,595	359,342
MARKET CAPITALISATION (£'000) (2) (3)	309,159	342,019	333,204
PER SHARE METRICS
SHARE PRICE (AT CLOSE) (4)	890p	970p	945.0p
NAV PER SHARE (CUM INCOME) (1)	1,019.7p	1,017.0p	1,019.1p
SHARES IN ISSUE	34,736,934	35,259,741	35,259,741
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND KEY RATIOS
PREMIUM / (DISCOUNT) (2) (5)	(12.7)%	(4.6)%	(7.3)%
ANNUALISED NAV RETURN (2) (6)	8.0%	8.7%	8.5%
PROFIT (£'000) (7) (14)	13,745	15,467	30,318
ITD TOTAL NAV RETURN (2) (8) (9)	54.0%	45.6%	49.9%
DEBT TO EQUITY (2) (10)	66.9%	74.0%	74.5%
NET DEBT TO EQUITY (2) (11)	63.6%	66.1%	70.9%
DIVIDEND RETURN (2) (12) (14)	8.0%	8.0%	8.0%
ONGOING CHARGES (2) (13) (14)	2.2%	2.2%	2.3%

The Board monitors success in implementing the Group's strategy against a range of key performance indicators ("KPIs"), which are viewed as significant measures of success over the longer term. Although performance relative to the KPIs is also monitored over shorter periods, it is success over the long-term that is viewed as more important, given the inherent volatility of short-term investment returns. The principal KPIs are set out below with commentary included throughout the Strategic Report:

 

 

 

(1) NET ASSET VALUE (CUM INCOME): includes the value of investments, other assets and cash, including current year revenue, less liabilities. NAV per share is calculated by dividing the calculated figure by the total number of shares.

(2) ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES: Alternative Performance Measures ("APMs") are used to improve the comparability of information between reporting periods, either by adjusting for uncontrollable or one-off factors which impact upon IFRS measures or, by aggregating measures, to aid the user understand the activity taking place. The Strategic Report includes both statutory and adjusted measures, the latter of which, reflects the underlying performance of the business and provides a more meaningful comparison of how the business is managed. APMs are not considered to be a substitute for IFRS measures but provide additional insight on the performance of the business. Reconciliations to amounts appearing in the financial statements can be found in section 5.

(3) MARKET CAPITALISATION: the closing mid-market share price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding at period end.

(4) SHARE PRICE (AT CLOSE): closing mid-market share price at period end (excluding dividends reinvested).

(5) PREMIUM / (DISCOUNT): the amount by which the price per share of an investment trust is either higher (at a premium) or lower (at a discount) than the net asset value per share (cum income), expressed as a percentage of the net asset value per share.

(6) ANNUALISED NAV RETURN: is calculated as Net Asset Value (Cum Income) at the end of the period, plus dividends declared during the period, divided by NAV (Cum Income) at the start of the period, calculated on a per share basis, pro-rata for the number of the days in the period

(7) PROFIT: is profit after taxation

(8) ITD: inception to date - excludes issue costs.

(9) TOTAL NAV RETURN: is calculated as Net Asset Value (Cum Income) at the end of the period, plus dividends declared during the period, divided by NAV (Cum Income) at the start of the period, calculated on a per share basis. There was a 1.06 per cent uplift on the inception to date total NAV per share return due to the effect of shares being issued at a premium during May-17 capital raise and 0.73 per cent in relation to the April-18 capital raise.

(10) DEBT TO EQUITY: is calculated as the Group's interest bearing debt divided by the net asset value, expressed as a percentage.

(11) NET DEBT TO EQUITY: is calculated as the Group's interest bearing debt, less cash and cash equivalents, divided by the net asset value, expressed as a percentage.

(12) DIVIDEND RETURN: is calculated as the total declared dividends for the period divided by IPO issue price.

(13) ONGOING CHARGES RATIO: The Annualised Ongoing Charge is calculated using the Association of Investment Companies recommended methodology. It is calculated as a percentage of annualised ongoing charge over average reported Net Asset Value. Ongoing charges are those expenses of a type which are likely to recur in the foreseeable future, whether charged to capital or revenue, and which relate to the operation of the investment company as a collective fund, excluding the costs of acquisition/disposal of investments, financing charges and gains/losses arising on investments. Ongoing charges are based on costs incurred in the year as being the best estimate of future costs. The AIC excludes performance fees from the Ongoing Charges calculation

(14) For 30 June 2022 the period covered is 1 January 2022 to 30 June 2022, for 30 June 2021 the period covered is 1 January 2021 to 30 June 2021 and for 31 December 2021 the period covered is 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021

 

 

2    Directors Report

Statement of Directors' Responsibilities

The Directors, being the persons responsible, confirm that to the best of their knowledge:

a)    the condensed set of Unaudited Financial Statements contained within the half-yearly financial report have been prepared in accordance with UK-adopted IAS 34 'Interim Financial Reporting', as required by the Disclosure and Transparency Rule 4.2.4R, and gives a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities and financial position of the Group;

b)    the Interim Management Report includes a fair review, as required by Disclosure and Transparency Rule 4.2.7R, of important events that have occurred during the first six months of the financial year, their impact on the condensed set of unaudited Financial Statements, and a description of the principal risks and perceived uncertainties for the remaining six months of the financial year; and

c)     the Interim Management Report includes a fair review of the information concerning related parties' transactions as required by Disclosure and Transparency Rule 4.2.8R. Signed on behalf of the Board by

 

Robert Sharpe
Chairman
12 September 2022

 

3   Unaudited Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

 

		For the period from 1 January 2022 to 30 June 2022			For the period from 1 January 2021 to 30 June 2021
	Notes	Revenue £'000	Capital £'000	Total £'000	Revenue £'000	Capital £'000	Total £'000
Net Income
Interest Income on credit assets at amortised cost	3	25,045	-	25,045	29,479	-	29,479
Income on assets at fair value through profit and loss	9	1,570	-	1,570	103	192	295
Credit impairment releases / (charges)	8	128	-	128	(516)	-	(516)
Third party servicing		(1,134)	-	(1,134)	(1,469)	-	(1,469)
Net operating income before financing and fund costs		25,609	-	25,609	27,597	192	27,789
Finance costs	14	(6,369)	-	(6,369)	(6,644)	-	(6,644)
Net operating income before fund costs		19,240	-	19,240	20,953	192	21,145
Management and performance fee	4	(4,370)	(78)	(4,448)	(4,814)	(75)	(4,889)
Fund expenses	5	(1,047)	-	(1,047)	(789)	-	(789)
Total operating expenses		(5,417)	(78)	(5,495)	(5,603)	(75)	(5,678)
Profit / (loss) before taxation		13,823	(78)	13,745	15,350	117	15,467
Tax expense		-	-	-	-	-	-
Profit / (loss) after taxation		13,823	(78)	13,745	15,350	117	15,467
Earnings per share (basic and diluted)	6	39.3p	(0.2)p	39.1p	43.5p	0.3p	43.8p

The total column of this statement represents the Statement of comprehensive income prepared in accordance UK-adopted International Accounting Standards and with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies reporting under those standards. The supplementary revenue return and capital return columns are both prepared under guidance issued by the Association of Investment Companies ("AIC"). All items in the above statement derive from continuing operations.

No operations were discontinued during the period.

The Company does not have any income or expense that is not included in net profit for the period. Accordingly, the net profit for the period is also the Total Comprehensive Income for the period, as defined in IAS1 (revised). There is no other comprehensive income for the period.

The notes on pages 30 to 52 form an integral part of the financial statements.

For the period from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021

	Notes	Revenue £'000	Capital £'000	Total £'000
Net Income
Interest Income on credit assets at amortised cost	3	56,484	-	56,484
Income / (Loss) on credit and equity assets at fair value through profit and loss	9	1,874	(1,337)	537
Credit impairment losses	8	844	-	844
Third party servicing		(2,810)	-	(2,810)
Net operating income before financing and fund costs		56,392	(1,337)	55,055
Finance costs	14	(12,859)	-	(12,859)
Net operating income before fund costs		43,533	(1,337)	42,196
Management and performance fee	4	(9,560)	(158)	(9,718)
Fund expenses	5	(2,160)	-	(2,160)
Total operating expenses		(11,720)	(158)	(11,878)
Profit before taxation		31,813	(1,495)	30,318
Tax expense		-	-	-
Profit after taxation		31,813	(1,495)	30,318
Earnings per share (basic and diluted)	6	90.2p	(4.2)p	86.0p

The total column of this statement represents the Statement of comprehensive income prepared in accordance with UK-adopted International Accounting Standards and with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies reporting under those standards.  The supplementary revenue return and capital return columns are both prepared under guidance issued by the Association of Investment Companies ("AIC"). All items in the above statement derive from continuing operations.

No operations were discontinued during the year.

The Company does not have any income or expense that is not included in net profit for the year. Accordingly, the net profit for the year is also the Total Comprehensive Income for the year, as defined in IAS1 (revised). There is no other comprehensive income for the year.

The notes on pages 30 to 52 form an integral part of the financial statements.

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

	Notes	30 June 2022 £'000	30 June 2021 £'000	31 December 2021 £'000
Non-current assets
Assets held at fair value through profit or loss	9	59,158	20,967	48,770
Credit assets at amortised cost	8	523,476	573,113	565,994
Derivative assets held at fair value through profit or loss		-	26	-
		582,634	594,106	614,764
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents		11,848	28,359	12,948
Receivables	12	1,002	5,320	6,554
		12,850	33,679	19,502
Total assets		595,484	627,785	634,266
Current liabilities
Management and performance fee payable	4	(1,900)	(2,770)	(4,468)
Other payables	13	(1,559)	(953)	(2,691)
Derivative liability held at fair value through profit or loss		(696)	-	(108)
Interest bearing borrowings	14	(62,601)	(28,600)	(49,339)
		(66,756)	(32,323)	(56,606)
Total assets less current liabilities		528,728	595,462	577,660
Non-current liabilities
Interest bearing borrowings	14	(174,510)	(236,867)	(218,318)
Net assets		354,218	358,595	359,342
Shareholders' funds
Ordinary share capital	15	347	352	352
Share premium		299,599	299,599	299,599
Revenue reserves		4,567	2,431	4,790
Capital reserves		(2,322)	(632)	(2,244)
Special distributable reserves	16	52,027	56,845	56,845
Total shareholders' funds		354,218	358,595	359,342
Net asset value per share	18	1,019.7p	1,017.0p	1,019.1p

The notes on pages 30 to 52 form an integral part of the financial statements. The financial statements on pages 25 to 30 were approved by the Board of Directors of Honeycomb Investment Trust plc (a public limited company incorporated in England and Wales with company number 09899024) and authorised for issue on 12 September 2022.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Funds

For the period from 1 January 2022 to 30 June 2022

	Ordinary Share Capital £'000	Share Premium £'000	Revenue Reserves £'000	Capital Reserves £'000	Special Distributable Reserves £'000	Total Equity £'000
Shareholders' funds at 1 January 2022	352	299,599	4,790	(2,244)	56,845	359,342
Ordinary shares bought back	(5)	-	-	-	(4,818)	(4,823)
Profit  after taxation	-	-	13,823	(78)	-	13,745
Dividends paid in the period	-	-	(14,046)	-	-	(14,046)
Shareholders' funds at 30 June 2022	347	299,599	4,567	(2,322)	52,027	354,218

The Group's capital reserve arising on investments sold and revenue reserve may be distributed by way of a dividend. The portion of capital reserve arising on investments held is wholly non-distributable. There may be factors that restrict the value of the reserves that can be distributed and these factors may be complex to determine. Amounts fully distributable may therefore not be the total of the revenue reserve and the portion of the capital reserve arising on investments sold.

 

For the period from 1 January 2021 to 30 June 2021

	Ordinary Share Capital £'000	Share Premium £'000	Revenue Reserves £'000	Capital Reserves £'000	Special Distributable Reserves £'000	Total Equity £'000
Shareholders' funds at 1 January 2021	352	299,599	1,185	(749)	56,845	357,232
Ordinary shares bought back	-	-	-	-	-	-
Profit / (Loss) after taxation	-	-	15,350	117	-	15,467
Dividends paid in the period	-	-	(14,104)	-	-	(14,104)
Shareholders' funds at 30 June 2021	352	299,599	2,431	(632)	56,845	358,595

The Group's capital reserve arising on investments sold and revenue reserve may be distributed by way of a dividend. The portion of capital reserve arising on investments held is wholly non-distributable. There may be factors that restrict the value of the reserves that can be distributed and these factors may be complex to determine. Amounts fully distributable may therefore not be the total of the revenue reserve and the portion of the capital reserve arising on investments sold.

For the year ended 31 December 2021

	Ordinary Share Capital £'000	Share Premium £'000	Revenue Reserves £'000	Capital Reserves £'000	Special Distributable Reserves £'000	Total Equity £'000
Shareholders' funds at 1 January 2021	352	299,599	1,185	(749)	56,845	357,232
Ordinary shares bought back	-	-	-	-	-	-
Profit / (Loss) after taxation	-	-	31,813	(1,495)	-	30,318
Dividends paid in the year	-	-	(28,208)	-	-	(28,208)
Shareholders' funds at 31 December 2021	352	299,599	4,790	(2,244)	56,845	359,342

The Group's capital reserve arising on investments sold and revenue reserve may be distributed by way of a dividend. The portion of capital reserve arising on investments held is wholly non-distributable. There may be factors that restrict the value of the reserves that can be distributed and these factors may be complex to determine. Amounts fully distributable may therefore not be the total of the revenue reserve and the portion of the capital reserve arising on investments sold.

The notes on pages 30 to 52 form an integral part of the financial statements.

 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

For the period ended 30 June 2022

	Notes	30 June 2022 £'000	30 June 2021 £'000	31 December 2021 £'000
Cash flows from operating activities:
Profit after taxation		13,745	15,467	30,318
Adjustments for:
Net purchase of fair value credit investments	9	(8,554)	-	(21,583)
(Advances) / repayments of investments at amortised cost		42,644	(25,892)	(22,883)
Change in expected credit loss	8	(128)	516	(844)
Net change in unrealised gains	9	(1,834)	(103)	(854)
Finance costs		6,369	6,644	12,859
(Increase) / decrease in receivables	12	5,552	1,453	219
Increase in derivatives		587	(5)	130
Increase in payables	13	(3,700)	(3,449)	(13)
Net cash inflow from operating activities		54,681	(5,369)	(2,651)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Redemption of shares	16	(4,820)	-	-
Drawdown of interest bearing borrowings	14	-	-	27,000
Repayments of interest-bearing borrowings	14	(31,372)	(9,092)	(34,375)
Interest paid on financing activities	14	(5,543)	(5,624)	(11,366)
Dividends declared and paid	7	(14,046)	(14,104)	(28,208)
Net cash (outflow) from financing activities		(55,781)	(28,820)	(46,949)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(1,100)	(34,189)	(49,600)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period		12,948	62,548	62,548
Cash and cash equivalents		11,848	28,359	12,948

The notes on pages 30 to 52 form an integral part of the financial statements.

 

Notes to the Financial Statements

1. General Information

Honeycomb Investment Trust plc (the "Company") and its subsidiaries (together, the "Group") is a closed-ended investment company incorporated in England and Wales on 2 December 2015 with registered number 09899024.  The registered office is 6th Floor, 65 Gresham Street, London, EC2V 7NQ, United Kingdom. The Company commenced operations on 23 December 2015 and carries on business as an investment trust within the meaning of chapter 4 of Part 24 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010.

The Group's investment objective is to provide shareholders with an attractive level of dividend income and capital growth through the acquisition of Credit Assets, together with selected equity investments that are aligned with the Group's strategy and that present opportunities to enhance the Group's returns from its investments.

The Group seeks to acquire Credit Assets which meet the specified underwriting criteria through two routes; (1) providing structured loans to specialist finance companies whereby the Group takes security on the assets originated by the borrower with the borrower also providing 'first loss' in the form of 'real capital' whilst the Group provides the senior capital; and (2) acquiring portfolios of whole loans whereby the Group is exposed to the underlying risk and rewards of the loan that have the potential to provide attractive returns for investors on a risk-adjusted basis.

The Group's investment manager is Pollen Street Capital Limited a UK-based company authorised and regulated by the FCA, who also acts as the Alternative Investment Fund Manager (the "AIFM") under the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (the "AIFMD"). The Group is defined as an Alternative Investment Fund and is subject to the relevant articles of the AIFMD.

As at 30 June 2022 the Company's share capital comprised 39,449,919 ordinary shares in issue (30 June 2021: 39,449,919, 31 December 2021: 39,449,919), of which 4,712,985 were held by the Company as treasury shares (30 June 2021: 4,190,178, 31 December 2021: 4,190,178). The total number of voting rights at 30 June 2022 was therefore 35,259,741 (30 June 2021: 35,259,741, 31 December 2021: 35,259,741). These shares are listed and trade on the Premium Segment of the London Stock Exchange's main market.

2. Principal Accounting Policies

Basis of accounting

The financial statements for the 6 months period ended 30 June 2022 have been prepared on the basis of the policies set out in the 2021 annual financial statements and in accordance with UK adopted IAS 34 and the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules sourcebook of the UK's Financial Conduct Authority.

The results for the half year ended 30 June 2022 constitute non-statutory accounts within the meaning of Section 435 of the Companies Act 2006 and have not been audited by the Group's Auditor.

The interim financial statements need to be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021 which were prepared in accordance with UK-adopted International Accounting Standards and with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies reporting under those standards.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and under the historic cost convention modified by the revaluation of financial assets held at fair value through profit and loss as applicable. The Directors consider that the Group has adequate financial resources to enable it to continue operations for a period of no less than 12 months from the reporting date. Accordingly, the Directors believe that it is appropriate to continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

The principal accounting policies adopted by the Group are consistent with those set out on pages 76 - 87 of the Annual report 2021. Where presentational guidance set out in the Statement of Recommended Practice ("SORP") for investment trusts issued by the Association of Investment Companies ("AIC") in November 2014 is consistent with the requirements of IFRS, the Directors have sought to prepare the financial statements on a basis compliant with the recommendations of the SORP.

All values are rounded to the nearest thousand pounds unless otherwise indicated.

Significant Accounting Judgements, Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with both UK-adopted International Accounting Standards and with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies reporting under those standards requires the Group to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting period. UK company law and IFRS require the Directors, in preparing the Group's financial statements, to select suitable accounting policies, apply them consistently and make judgements and estimates that are reasonable. The Group's estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and expectations of future events and are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Although these estimates are based on the Directors' best knowledge of the amount, actual results may differ ultimately from those estimates. 

The estimates of most significance to the financial statements, are in relation to expected credit losses, equity investments at fair value through profit or loss and consolidation. These have been applied consistently with the methodology detailed in the annual report on pages 88 to 90.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

To estimate expected credit losses, the Group uses a model to project a number of key variables to generate future economic scenarios. These scenarios are used to produce a weighted average probability of default ("PD") for each product grouping which is used to determine stage allocation and calculate the related ECL allowance.  Scenario probabilities reflect management judgement and are informed by data analysis of past recessions, transitions in and out of recession, and the current economic outlook. The key assumptions made, and the accompanying paths, represent the 'best estimate' of a scenario at a specified probability. The scenarios have been updated using the latest economic forecasts produced by Oxford Economics for June 2022 and an assessment of the potential outlook for the economy in light of the evolving macro economic situation. The impact of the change in scenarios is not material.

3.   Interest income on credit assets at amortised cost

Group	30 June 2022 £'000	30 June 2021 £'000	31 December 2021 £'000
Investment income
Interest income	22,867	27,067	51,900
Commitment fee income	808	1,218	2,403
Arrangement fee income	1,291	1,207	2,232
Net profit / (loss) on foreign exchange	75	(13)	(53)
Total investment income	25,041	29,479	56,482
Other income
Deposit interest	4	-	2
Total income	25,045	29,479	56,484

 

*Net profit / (loss) on foreign exchange also includes fair value movements on derivatives taken out to economically hedge fair value exposures

4.   Management and Performance Fee

Management Fee

The management fee is calculated and payable monthly in arrears at a rate equal to 1/12 of 1.0 per cent per month of Gross Asset Value (the ''Management Fee''). Gross Asset Value is the equivalent of Total Assets on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The aggregate fee payable on this basis must not exceed 1.0 per cent of the gross assets of the Company and its group in any year. The Management Fee is allocated between the revenue and capital accounts based on the prospective split of the Gross Asset Value between revenue and capital.

In respect of any issue of Ordinary Shares or C Shares, until the date on which 80 per cent of the net proceeds of such issue have been invested or committed to be invested in Credit Assets or Equity Assets, the Net Asset Value attributable to such Ordinary Shares or C Shares shall, for the purposes of the Management Fee, exclude any portion of the issue proceeds in cash, or invested in cash deposits or cash equivalent investments. Where there are C Shares in issue, the Management Fee will be calculated separately on the gross assets attributable to the Ordinary Shares and the C Shares.

Management fees charged for the period ended 30 June 2022 totalled £2.9 million (30 June 2021: £3.2 million, 31 December 2021: £6.4 million) of which £0.4 million was payable at 30 June 2022 (30 June 2021: £1.1 million, 31 December 2021: £1.0 million).

Performance Fee

The Investment Manager is also entitled to a performance fee, which is calculated in respect of each twelve-month period starting on 1 January and ending on 31 December in each calendar year ("Calculation Period"), and the final Calculation Period shall end on the day on which the management agreement is terminated or, if earlier, the business day immediately preceding the day on which the Company goes into liquidation.

The performance fee will only be payable if the Adjusted Net Asset Value at the end of a Calculation Period exceeds a hurdle threshold, equal to the Adjusted Net Asset Value immediately following admission to trading on the London Stock Exchange, compounded at a rate equal to 5 per cent per annum (the "Hurdle").

If, on the last day of a Calculation Period (each a "Calculation Date"), the Adjusted Net Asset Value exceeds the Hurdle, the Investment Manager shall be entitled to a performance fee equal to the lower of:

a)   the amount by which the Adjusted Net Asset Value exceeds the Hurdle, in each case as at the Calculation Date; and

b)   10 per cent of the amount by which total growth in Adjusted Net Asset Value since first admission (being the aggregate of the growth in Adjusted Net Asset Value in the relevant Calculation Period and in each previous Calculation Period), after adding back any performance fees paid to the Investment Manager, exceeds the aggregate of all performance fees payable to the Investment Manager in respect of all previous Calculation Periods.

'Adjusted Net Asset Value' means the Net Asset Value after: (i) excluding any increases or decreases in Net Asset Value attributable to the issue or repurchase of any Ordinary Shares; (ii) adding back the aggregate amount of any dividends paid or distributions made in respect of any Ordinary Shares; (iii) excluding the aggregate amount of any dividends or distributions accrued but unpaid in respect of any Ordinary Shares; and (iv) excluding the amount of any Performance Fees accrued but unpaid, in each case without double counting.

In the event that C Shares are in issue, the Investment Manager shall be entitled to a performance fee in respect of the net assets referable to the C Shares on the same basis as summarised above, except that a Calculation Period shall be deemed to end on the date of the conversion of the relevant tranche of C Shares into Ordinary Shares.

Performance fees for the period ended 30 June 2022 totalled £1.5 million (30 June 2021: £1.7 million, 31 December 2021: £3.4 million) of which £1.5 million was payable at 30 June 2022 (30 June 2021: £1.7 million, 31 December 2021: £3.4 million).

5.   Fund expenses

Group	30 June 2022 £'000	30 June 2021 £'000	31 December 2021 £'000
Directors' fees	112	99	203
Administrator's fees	89	89	179
Auditors' remuneration	160	143	319
Project Costs	-	48	18
Other expenses	686	410	1,441
Total fund expenses	1,047	789	2,160

 

All expenses where applicable are exclusive of VAT. Directors' fees at the period ended 30 June 2022 include £111,875 (30 June 2021: £99,000, 31 December 2021: £203,000) paid to Directors'.

6.   Earnings per share

Group	30 June 2022	30 June 2021	31 December 2021
Revenue	39.3p	43.5p	90.2p
Capital	(0.2)p	0.3p	(4.2)p
Earnings per ordinary share	39.1p	43.8p	86.0p

 

The calculation for the period ended 30 June 2022 is based on a profit after tax of £13.8 million (30 June 2021: £15.4 million, 31 December 2021: £31.8 million) and capital returns of (£0.1) million (30 June 2021: £0.1 million, 31 December 2021: (£1.5) million) and total returns of £13.7 million (30 June 2021: £15.5 million, 31 December 2021: £30.3 million) and a weighted average number of ordinary shares of 35,135,634 (30 June 2021: 35,259,741, 31 December 2021: 35,259,741).

7.   Ordinary dividends

	30 June 2022 £'000	30 June 2021 £'000	31 December 2021 £'000
20.00p Interim dividend for the period to 31 December 2020 (paid 26 March 2021)	-	7,052	7,052
20.00p Interim dividend for the period to 31 March 2021 (paid on 25 June 2021)	-	7,052	7,052
20.00p Interim dividend for the period to 30 June 2021 (paid on 30 September 2021)	-	-	7,052
20.00p Interim dividend for the period to 30 September 2021 (paid 24 December 2021)	-	-	7,052
20.00p Interim dividend for the period to 31 December 2021 (paid 22 March 2022)	7,052	-	-
20.00p Interim dividend for the period to 31 March 2022 (paid on 22 June 2022)	6,994	-	-
Total dividend paid/to be paid in relation to period	14,046	14,104	28,208
20.00p Interim dividend for the period to 30 June 2022 (to be paid on 30 September 2022)	6,947	-	-
20.00p Interim dividend for the period to 30 June 2021 (paid on 30 September 2021)		7,052
20.00p Interim dividend for the period to 31 December 2021 (paid 25 March 2022)	-	-	7,052
Total dividend paid/to be paid in relation to period	13,941	14,104	28,208

The 30 September 2022 interim dividend of 20.00 pence was approved on 6 September 2022 and will be paid on 30 September 2022.

8. Investments at Amortised Cost

(a) Credit Assets at amortised cost

The disclosure below presents the gross carrying value of financial instruments to which the impairment requirements in IFRS 9 are applied and the associated allowance for ECL. Please see Note 2 for more detail on the allowance for ECL.

The following table analyses loans by industry sector and represent the concentration of exposures on which credit risk is managed for the Group as at 30 June 2022.

	30 June 2022					31 December 2021
Group and Company	Gross Carrying Amount £'000	Allowance for ECL £'000		Net Carrying Amount £'000		Gross Carrying Amount £'000		Allowance for ECL £'000		Net Carrying Amount £'000
Total Assets at amortised cost	532,866	(9,390)		523,476		576,780		(10,786)		565,994
The following table analyses loans by staging for both the Group and Company as at 30 June 2022:
	30 June 2022					31 December 2021
Group and Company	Gross Carrying Amount £'000	Allowance for ECL £'000		Net Carrying Amount £'000		Gross Carrying Amount £'000		Allowance for ECL £'000		Net Carrying Amount £'000
Credit Assets at amortised cost
Stage 1	502,292	(1,103)		501,189		544,233		(952)		543,281
Stage 2	5,575	(618)		4,957		6,363		(946)		5,417
Stage 3	24,999	(7,669)		17,330		26,184		(8,888)		17,296
Total Assets	532,866	(9,390)		523,476		576,780		(10,786)		565,994
Group and Company			Stage 1 £'000		Stage 2 £'000		Stage 3 £'000		Total £'000
At 1 January 2022			952		946		8,888		10,786
Movement from stage 1 to stage 2			(2)		134		-		132
Movement from stage 1 to stage 3			(1)		-		59		58
Movement from stage 2 to stage 1			3		(163)		-		(160)
Movement from stage 2 to stage 3			-		(172)		236		64
Movement from stage 3 to stage 1			-		-		(182)		(182)
Movement from stage 3 to stage 2			-		24		(59)		(35)
Decreases due to repayments			264		(18)		(863)		(617)
Increases due to origination			-		-		-		-
Remeasurements due to modelling			(18)		(96)		726		612
Loans sold			(95)		(37)		(131)		(263)
Loans written off			-		-		(1,005)		(1,005)
Allowance for ECL at 30 June 2022			1,103		618		7,669		9,390

 

Group and Company	Stage 1 £'000	Stage 2 £'000	Stage 3 £'000	Total £'000
At 1 January 2021	1,464	1,927	27,086	30,477
Movement from stage 1 to stage 2	(39)	465	-	426
Movement from stage 1 to stage 3	(84)	-	2,286	2,202
Movement from stage 2 to stage 1	9	(302)	-	(293)
Movement from stage 2 to stage 3	-	(698)	890	192
Movement from stage 3 to stage 1	8	-	(587)	(579)
Movement from stage 3 to stage 2	-	145	(385)	(240)
Remeasurements due to repayments, originations, sales and remodelling	691	(28)	(2,149)	(1,486)
Allowances on loans written off	-	(1)	(289)	(290)
Allowance for ECL at 30 June 2021	2,049	1,508)	26,852	30,409

 

Group and Company	Stage 1 £'000	Stage 2 £'000	Stage 3 £'000	Total £'000
At 1 January 2021	1,464	1,927	27,086	30,477
Movement from stage 1 to stage 2	(8)	450	-	442
Movement from stage 1 to stage 3	(2)	-	766	764
Movement from stage 2 to stage 1	-	(218)	-	(218)
Movement from stage 2 to stage 3	-	(321)	432	111
Movement from stage 3 to stage 1	2	-	(388)	(386)
Movement from stage 3 to stage 2	-	58	(237)	(179)
Decreases due to repayments	(53)	(139)	(1,651)	(1,843)
Increases due to origination	67	-	-	67
Remeasurements due to modelling	460	33	(94)	399
Loans sold	(978)	(843)	(16,714)	(18,535)
Loans written off	-	(1)	(312)	(313)
Allowance for ECL at 31 December 2021	952	946	8,888	10,786

 

(b) Expected Credit Loss allowance for IFRS 9

Under the expected credit loss model introduced by IFRS 9 Impairment Provisions are driven by changes in credit risk of instruments, with a provision for lifetime expected credit losses recognised where the risk of default of an instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition.

 

The following table analyses Group loans by stage and sector for the period ended 30 June 2022:

Group				Total £'000
At 1 January 2022				10,786
Charge for period - Stage 1				(32)
Charge for period - Stage 2				(15)
Charge for period - Stage 3				(81)
Charge for period - total				(128)
Loans sold & write-offs				(1,268)
Allowance for ECL at 30 June 2022				9,390

 

The following table analyses Group loans by stage and sector for the period ended 30 June 2021:

Group				Total £'000
At 1 January 2021				30,477
Charge for period - Stage 1				585
Charge for period - Stage 2				(418)
Charge for period - Stage 3				349
Charge for period - total				516
Loans sold				(248)
Gross value of loans written off				(336)
Allowance for ECL at 30 June 2021				30,409

 

The following table analyses Group loans by stage and sector for the period ended 31 December 2021:

Group				Total £'000
At 1 January 2022				30,477
Charge for period - Stage 1				290
Charge for period - Stage 2				(483)
Charge for period - Stage 3				(651)
Charge for period - total				(844)
Loans sold				(18,847)
Allowance for ECL at 31 December 2021				10,786

  

Measurement uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of ECL

The recognition and measurement of ECL is highly complex and involves the use of significant judgement and estimation. This includes the formulation and incorporation of multiple forward-looking economic conditions into ECL to meet the measurement objective of IFRS 9.

The Group has adopted the use of three economic scenarios, representative of Oxford Economics view of forecast economic conditions, sufficient to calculate unbiased ECL. They represent a 'most likely outcome' (the Base scenario) and two, less likely, 'outer' scenarios, referred to as the 'Upside' and 'Downside' scenarios.

The ECL recognised in the financial statements reflect the effect on expected credit losses of a range of possible outcomes, calculated on a probability-weighted basis, based on the economic scenarios described in Note 2 to the financial statements, including management overlays where required. The probability-weighted amount is typically a higher number than would result from using only the Base (most likely) economic scenario. ECLs typically have a non-linear relationship to the many factors which influence credit losses, such that more favourable macroeconomic factors do not reduce defaults as much as less favourable macroeconomic factors increase defaults. The ECL calculated for each of the scenarios represent a range of possible outcomes that have been evaluated to estimate ECL. As a result, the ECL calculated for the Upside and Downside scenarios should not be taken to represent the upper and lower limits of possible actual ECL outcomes. There is a high degree of estimation uncertainty in numbers representing tail risk scenarios when assigned a 100 per cent. A wider range of possible ECL outcomes reflects uncertainty about the distribution of economic conditions and does not necessarily mean that credit risk on the associated loans is higher than for loans where the distribution of possible future economic conditions is narrower.

For stage 3 impaired loans, LGD estimates consider independent recovery valuations provided by external consultants where available, or internal forecasts corresponding to anticipated economic conditions.

9. Assets at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss

Total assets at fair value through profit or loss

(a) Movements in the period

The tables below set out the total movement in assets measured at fair value through profit or loss for the Group for the periods ended 30 June 2022, 30 June 2021 and 31 December 2021.

Group	£'000
Opening fair value	48,770
Purchases at cost	9,587
Disposal at cost	(1,033)
Income on fair value assets	1,570
Realised income on fair value assets	(819)
FX revaluation on fair value assets	1,083
Closing fair value at 30 June 2022	59,158
Comprising:
Equity assets at fair value	15,659
Credit assets at fair value	43,499
Closing fair value as at 30 June 2022	59,158

 

 

Group	£'000
Opening fair value	20,864
Purchases at cost	-
Disposal at cost	-
Income on fair value assets	103
Realised income on fair value assets	-
Closing fair value at 30 June 2021	20,967
Comprising:
Equity assets at fair value	3,035
Credit assets at fair value	17,932
Closing fair value as at 30 June 2021	20,967

 

Group	£'000
Opening fair value	20,864
Purchases at cost	31,347
Reclassification from loans at amortised cost	5,476
Disposal at cost	(9,726)
Income on fair value assets	809
Realised income on fair value assets	-
Closing fair value at 31 December 2021	48,770
Comprising:
Equity assets at fair value	15,659
Credit assets at fair value	33,111
Closing fair value as at 31 December 2021	48,770

 

(b) Fair value of financial instruments

IFRS 13 requires the Company to classify its financial instruments held at fair value using a hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs used in the valuation methodologies. These are as follows:

·        Level 1 - quoted prices in active markets for identical investments;

·        Level 2 - other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar investments, interest rates, prepayments, credit risk, etc.); and

·       Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs (including the Company's own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments).

An investment is always categorised as Level 1, 2 or 3 in its entirety. In certain cases, the fair value measurement for an investment may use a number of different inputs that fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, an investment's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgement and is specific to the investment.

The following sets out the classifications in valuing the Group's investments:

Group	Closing fair value as at 30 June 2022 £'000	Closing fair value as at 30 June 2021 £'000	Closing fair value as at 31 December 2021 £'000
Level 1	-	-	-
Level 2	-	-	-
Level 3	59,158	48,770	20,967
Total	59,158	48,770	20,967

 

Equity assets at Fair value through profit or loss

The tables below set out the movement in equity assets measured at fair value through profit or loss for the Group for the periods ended 30 June 2022, 30 June 2021 and 31 December 2021.

Group	£'000
Opening fair value	15,659
Purchases at cost	-
Disposal at cost	-
Income on fair value assets	-
Realised income on fair value assets	-
FX revaluation on fair value assets	-
Closing fair value at 30 June 2022	15,659
Comprising:
Valued using an earnings multiple	1,359
Valued using a TNAV multiple	14,300
Closing fair value as at 30 June 2022	15,659

 

Group	£'000
Opening fair value	14,959
Purchases at cost	-
Disposal at cost	-
Income on fair value assets	-
Realised income on fair value assets	-
FX revaluation on fair value assets	-
Closing fair value at 30 June 2021	14,959
Comprising:
Valued using an earnings multiple	1,380
Valued using a TNAV multiple	13,579
Closing fair value as at 30 June 2021	14,959

 

Group	£'000
Opening fair value	14,959
Purchases at cost	2,037
Disposal at cost	-
Income on fair value assets	(1,337)
Realised income on fair value assets	-
Closing fair value at 31 December 2021	15,659
Comprising:
Valued using an earnings multiple	1,359
Valued using a TNAV multiple	14,300
Closing fair value as at 31 December 2021	15,659

 

Credit assets at fair value through profit or loss

The tables below set out the movement in credit assets measured at fair value through profit or loss for the Group for the periods ended 30 June 2022, 30 June 2021 and 31 December 2021.

Group	2022 £'000
Opening fair value	33,111
Purchases at cost	9,587
Disposal at cost	(1,033)
Income on fair value assets	1,570
Realised income on fair value assets	(819)
FX revaluation on fair value assets	1,083
Closing fair value at 30 June 2022	43,499
Comprising:
Valued using an earnings multiple	-
Valued using a TNAV multiple	43,499
Closing fair value as at 30 June 2022	43,499

 

Group	£'000
Opening fair value	5,905
Purchases at cost	-
Disposals	-
Income on fair value assets	103
Realised income on fair value assets	-
FX revaluation on fair value assets	-
Closing fair value at 30 June 2021	6,008
Comprising:
Valued using an earnings multiple	1,655
Valued using a TNAV multiple	4,353
Closing fair value as at 30 June 2021	6,008

 

Group	£'000
Opening fair value	5,905
Purchases at cost	29,310
Reclassification from loans at amortised cost	5,476
Disposals	(9,726)
P&L on fair value assets	2,146
Closing fair value at 31 December 2021	33,111
Comprising:
Valued using an earnings multiple	7,775
Valued using a TNAV multiple	25,336
Closing fair value as at 31 December 2021	33,111

 

10. Financial Risk Management

The Group's investing activities undertaken in pursuit of its investment objective involve certain inherent risks. The main financial risks arising from the Group's financial instruments are credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. The Board reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks as summarised below. Credit risk is analysed further in Note 11.

Market risk

The fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument held by the Group may fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk can be summarised as comprising three types of risk:

·    Interest rate risk - the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates; and

·    Currency risk - the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates.

·    Price risk - the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in market prices (other than those arising from interest rate risk or currency risk);

The Group's exposure, sensitivity to and management of each of these risks is described in further detail below. Management of market risk is fundamental to the Group's investment objective. The investment portfolio is continually monitored to ensure an appropriate balance of risk and reward. The Board has also established a series of investment parameters, which are reviewed annually, designed to limit the risk inherent in managing a portfolio of investments.

(a) Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in interest rates will affect future cash flows or the fair value of financial instruments.

The Group invests in Credit Assets which may be subject to a fixed rate of interest, or a floating rate of interest (which may be linked to base rates or other benchmarks). The Group's borrowings may be subject to a floating rate of interest.

The Group manages the mismatch it has in respect of the income generated by its Credit Assets, on the one hand, with the liabilities in respect of its borrowings, on the other hand, by matching any floating rate borrowings with investments in Credit Assets that are also subject to a floating rate of interest. To the extent that the Group is unable to match its funding in this way, it may use derivative instruments, including interest rate swaps, to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, however some unmatched risk may remain. The Group has not used any interest rate derivate instruments in the period.

The Group finances its operations through its share capital and reserves, including realised gains on investments as well as the Group's debt facilities. As at 30 June 2022 the Group had £237.1 million drawn down under these facilities (30 June 2021: £265.5 million, 31 December 2021: £270.0 million).

Exposure of the Group's financial assets and liabilities to floating interest rates and fixed interest rates as at 30 June 2022 is shown below:

Group Financial instrument	Floating Rate £'000	Fixed Rate £'000	Total £'000
Credit Assets at amortised cost	245,737	277,739	523,476
Credit Assets at fair value	23,385	20,114	43,499
Cash and cash equivalents	11,848	-	11,848
Interest bearing borrowings	(237,111)	-	(237,111)
Net total exposure	43,859	297,853	341,712

 

Exposure of the Group's financial assets and liabilities to floating interest rates (giving cash flow interest rate risk when rates are reset) and fixed interest rates (giving fair value risk) as at 30 June 2021 is shown below:

Group Financial instrument	Floating Rate £'000	Fixed or Administered Rate £'000	Total £'000
Credit Assets at amortised cost	248,202	324,911	573,113
Cash and cash equivalents	28,359	-	28,359
Interest bearing borrowings	(265,467)	-	(265,467)
Net total exposure	11,094	324,911	336,005

Exposure of the Group's financial assets and liabilities to floating interest rates (giving cash flow interest rate risk when rates are reset) and fixed interest rates (giving fair value risk) as at 31 December 2021 is shown below:

Group Financial instrument	Floating Rate £'000	Fixed or Administered Rate £'000	Total £'000
Credit Assets at amortised cost	269,053	296,941	565,994
Cash and cash equivalents	12,948	-	12,948
Interest bearing borrowings	(267,657)	-	(267,657)
Net total exposure	14,344	296,941	311,285

 

(b) Currency risk

Currency risk is the risk that the value of net assets will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates. Relevant risk variables are generally movements in the exchange rates of foreign currencies in which the Group holds financial assets and liabilities. The assets of the Group are invested in Credit Assets and other investments including unquoted equities which are denominated in Pounds Sterling and other currencies. Accordingly, the value of such assets may be affected favourably or unfavourably by fluctuations in currency rates. The Group generally hedges currency exposure between Pounds Sterling and other currencies.

Concentration of foreign currency exposure

The Investment Manager monitors the fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and may use forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge the currency exposure of the Group's non-GBP denominated investments. The Investment Manager re-examines the currency exposure on a regular basis in each currency and manages the Group's currency exposure in accordance with market expectations. The Group does not currently designate any derivatives as hedges for hedge accounting purposes as described under IFRS 9 and records its derivative activities on a fair value basis.

The below table presents the net exposure to Euros and US Dollars at 30 June 2022. The table includes forward foreign exchange contracts at their notional exposure value and excludes all GBP assets and liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

 

Currency	Total Assets (£'000)	Total Liabilities  (£'000)	Forward Contract (£'000)	Net Exposure after Forward Contract (£'000)
Euros	17,668	(19)	(17,050)	599
US Dollars	22,663	(39)	(21,766)	858
Total exposure	40,331	(58)	(38,816)	1,457

If the GBP exchange rate simultaneously increased or decreased by 10 per cent against the above currencies, the impact on profit would be an increase or decrease of £146,000. 10 per cent is considered to be a reasonably possible movement in foreign exchange rates. All forward contracts held at 30 June 2022 were carried out with Lumon Pay Limited.

The below table presents the net exposure to Euros and US Dollars at 30 June 2021.

 

Currency	Total Assets (£'000)	Total Liabilities  (£'000)	Forward Contract (£'000)	Net Exposure after Forward Contract (£'000)
Euros	3,718	(7)	(3,515)	196
US Dollars	2,227	(12)	(2,170)	45
Total exposure	5,945	(19)	(5,685)	241

 

The below table presents the net exposure to Euros at 31 December 2021, there was no US Dollar exposure. The table includes forward foreign exchange contracts at their notional exposure value and excludes all GBP assets and liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

 

Currency	Total Assets (£'000)	Total Liabilities  (£'000)	Forward Contract (£'000)	Net Exposure after Forward Contract (£'000)
US Dollars	9,149	-	(8,758)	391
Total exposure	9,149	-	(8,758)	391

(c) Price risk

Price risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices (other than those arising from interest rate risk or currency risk), whether those changes are caused by factors specific to the individual financial instrument or its issuer, or factors affecting similar financial instruments traded in the market. Local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issue, recessions, or other events could have a significant impact on the Group and market prices of its investments. This risk applies to financial instruments held by the Group, including equity assets, credit assets and derivatives.

Capital Management

The Company's primary objectives in relation to the management of capital are driven by strategic and organisational requirements but are focused around:

·    ensuring its ability to continue as a going concern; and

·    maximising the long-term capital growth for its shareholders through an appropriate balance of equity capital and gearing.

In the management of capital and in its definition, we include equity (including revenue and capital reserves), debt (including long-term credit facilities, commercial paper backstopped by long-term credit facilities and any hedging assets or liabilities associated with long-term debt items), cash and temporary investments.

The Board manage the capital structure and make adjustments to it considering changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the business. The Company has met the above objectives through diversifying the leverage facilities through the introduction of a new Topco facility during 2020, a new amortising term loan and an increase in an existing facility.

The Group monitors capital using a ratio of net debt to equity. Net debt is calculated by deducting cash and cash equivalents from total interest-bearing borrowings (as shown in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position). The Group's net debt to equity ratio which is a key performance indicator used for internal management at Group level was 66.9 per cent at 30 June 2022 (30 June 2021: 66.1 per cent , 31 December 2021: 70.9 per cent).

The Group is subject to externally imposed capital requirements:

·    The Company's Articles of Association restrict borrowings to the value of its share capital and reserves;

·    As a public company, the Company has a minimum share capital of £50,000;

·    To be able to pay dividends out of profits available for distribution by way of dividends, the Company must be able to meet one of the two capital restriction tests imposed on investment companies by company law; and

·    The Company's borrowings are subject to covenants limiting the total exposure based on a cap of borrowings as a percentage of the eligible borrowing base, alongside other covenants including but not limited to single investment exposure limits and weighted average coupon and remaining term requirements.

The Company has complied with all the above requirements during this financial period.

11. Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation.

The Group's credit risks arise principally through exposures to loans originated or acquired by the Group and cash deposited with banks, both of which are subject to risk of borrower default.

The Investment Manager establishes and adheres to stringent underwriting criteria. The Group invests in a granular portfolio of assets, diversified at the underlying borrower level, with each loan being subject to a maximum single loan exposure limit. This helps mitigate credit concentrations in relation to an individual customer, a borrower group or a collection of related borrowers.  

The credit quality of loans is assessed through evaluation of various factors, including credit scores, payment data, collateral available from the borrower and other information.

The Group further mitigates its exposure to credit risk through structuring facilities whereby the facilities are secured on a granular pool of performing loans and structured so that the Origination Platform and or borrower provides the first loss, and the Group finances the senior risk.

Further risk is mitigated in the property sector as the Group takes collateral in the form of property to mitigate the credit risk arising from residential mortgage lending and commercial real estate. 

The Group ensures that it only deposits cash balances with institutions with appropriate financial standing or those deemed to be systemically important.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will be unable meet its obligations in respect of financial liabilities as they fall due. 

The Group manages its liquid resources to ensure sufficient cash is available to meet its expected contractual commitments. It monitors the level of short-term funding and balances the need for access to short-term funding, with the long-term funding needs of the Group.

A substantial proportion of the Group's net assets are in loans, whose cash collections could be utilised to meet funding requirements if necessary. The Group has the power, under its Articles of Association, to take out both short and long-term borrowings subject to a maximum value of one hundred percent of its share capital and reserves.

At 30 June 2022 the Company had a committed debt facility totalling £200.0 million with a maturity date of 4 September 2023. This facility includes a term and revolving facility secured on a range of assets. The Company also has a 2-year term facility that is structured as run-off financing in that the debt will paydown over the term of the facility and a £35m amortising term loan with a 49 year term, but where final repayment is expected in 2024 in line with the facility it is secured against.

The repayment terms and the covenants have been stress tested over the term of each of these facilities to ensure compliance.

Assets and liabilities not carried at fair value but for which fair value is disclosed

For the Group for the period ended 30 June 2022:

Group	As Presented	Fair Value
		Level 1 £'000	Level 2 £'000	Level 3 £'000	Total £'000
Assets
Investments at amortised cost	523,476	-	-	542,913	542,913
Receivables	1,002	-	1,002	-	1,002
Cash and cash equivalents	11,848	11,848	-	-	11,848
Total assets	536,326	11,848	1,002	542,913	555,763
Liabilities
Management and performance fee payable	(1,900)	-	(1,900)	-	(1,900)
Other payables	(1,559)	-	(1,559)	-	(1,559)
Interest bearing borrowings	(237,111)	-	(237,111)	-	(237,111)
Total liabilities	(240,570)	-	(240,570)	-	(240,570)

 

For the Group for the period ended 30 June 2021:

Group	As Presented	Fair Value
		Level 1 £'000	Level 2 £'000	Level 3 £'000	Total £'000
Assets
Investments at amortised cost	573,113	-	-	586,113	586,113
Receivables	5,320	-	5,320	-	5,320
Cash and cash equivalents	28,359	28,359	-	-	28,359
Total assets	606,792	28,359	5,320	586,113	619,792
Liabilities
Management fee payable	(1,053)	-	(1,053)	-	(1,053)
Performance fee payable	(1,717)	-	(1,717)	-	(1,717)
Other payables	(953)	-	(953)	-	(953)
Interest bearing borrowings	(265,467)	-	(265,467)	-	(265,467)
Total liabilities	(269,190)	-	(269,190)	-	(269,190)

 

For the Group for the year ended 31 December 2021:

Group	As Presented	Fair Value
		Level 1 £'000	Level 2 £'000	Level 3 £'000	Total £'000
Assets
Investments at amortised cost	565,994	-	-	579,482	579,482
Receivables	6,554	-	6,554	-	6,554
Cash and cash equivalents	10,500	10,500	-	-	10,500
Total assets	583,048	10,500	6,554	579,482	579,536
Liabilities
Management fee payable	(1,037)	-	(1,037)	-	(1,037)
Performance fee payable	(3,431)	-	(3,431)	-	(3,431)
Other payables	(2,392)	-	(2,392)	-	(2,392)
Deemed Loan	(82,326)	-	(82,326)	-	(82,326)
Interest bearing borrowings	(183,182)	-	(183,182)	-	(183,182)
Total liabilities	(272,368)	-	(272,368)	-	(272,368)

 

Categorisation within the hierarchy has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the relevant asset or liability (see Note 9 for details). Further details of the loans at amortised cost held by the Group can be found in Note 8 to the financial statements.

12. Receivables

The table below set out a breakdown of the Group receivables.

Group	30 June 2022 £'000	30 June 2021 £'000	31 December 2021 £'000
Prepayments and other debtors	956	1,285	5,583
Amounts due from platforms	-	3,577	924
Other receivables	46	458	47
Total receivables	1,002	5,320	6,554

The above receivables do not carry any interest and are short term in nature. The Directors consider that the carrying values of these receivables approximate their fair value.

Amounts due from platforms relate to cash that has been collected by the platform partners but not yet remitted to the Group, whereby the credit asset at amortised cost has been treated as if this cash had been received.

13. Other Payables

The table below set out a breakdown of the Group payables.

Group	30 June 2022 £'000	30 June 2021 £'000	31 December 2021 £'000
Accruals and other payables	3,459	3,723	7,159
Total other payables	3,459	3,723	7,159

14. Interest Bearing Borrowings

The table below sets out a breakdown of the Group's interest-bearing borrowings.

Group	30 June 2022 £'000	30 June 2021 £'000	31 December 2021 £'000
Current Liabilities
Credit facility	62,716	29,883	49,435
Interest and commitment        fees payable	233	245	195
Prepaid interest and        commitment fees	(348)	(1,528)	(291)
Total current liabilities	62,601	28,600	49,339
Non-Current Liabilities
Credit facility	175,893	238,385	220,545
Interest and commitment         fees payable	-	-	-
Prepaid interest and          commitment fees	(1,383)	(1,518)	(2,227)
Total non-current liabilities	174,510	236,867	218,318
Total interest-bearing borrowings	237,111	265,467	267,657

At 30 June 2022 the Company's main debt facility was a £200 million facility, being a £170 million term loan (30 June 2021: £170 million, 31 December 2021: £170 million) and £30 million revolving credit facility (30 June 2021: £80 million, 31 December 2021: £80 million). At 31 December 2021 and 30 June 2022 the term loan was fully drawn with £nil drawn on the revolving element. Interest is charged at SONIA plus a margin with the facility maturing in September 2023. The debt facility is secured against the Company's loan portfolios and other assets, in addition to the net exposures the Company holds where the Company is the junior lender to an SPV.

In August 2019, the Group entered a two-year debt facility to finance three residential mortgage portfolios, two commercial mortgage pools and a small unsecured consumer pool. These portfolios were previously leveraged through the Company level debt facility but obtaining assets specific leverage on these provides a lower cost of funding at a higher advance rate. The total debt raised on day one of this facility was £81.0 million.  Interest is charged at SONIA plus a margin. The facility was a 2-year term with a 1-year extension option and is structured as a run-off financing in that the debt will paydown over the term of the facility. During 2020 the 1-year extension was exercised and an additional mortgage portfolio was transferred into the pool. The facility is being extended in September 2022. The carrying value of the portfolio of loans, which this facility is secured against, at 30 June 2022 was £66.1 million (30 June 2021: £85.0 million, 31 December 2021: £76.5 million).

In December 2020, the Group entered into a £35 million debt facility secured against a structured SME facility, the carrying value of this structured SME facility at 30 June 2022 was £31.8 million (30 June 2021: £46.1m, 31 December 2021: £39.5 million). The debt facility charges SONIA plus a margin and is an amortising term loan with the full £35 million drawn on day one. The facility has a 49-year term but final repayment is expected in 2024.

As at the 30 June 2022 the below related debt costs had been incurred by the Group.

Group	30 June 2022 £'000	30 June 2021 £'000	31 December 2021 £'000
Interest and commitment fees payable	5,581	5,687	11,022
Other finance charges	788	957	1,837
Total finance costs	6,369	6,644	12,859

 

As at the 30 June 2022 the below changes occurred for the Group:

Group	Total £'000
At 1 January 2022	267,657
Drawdown of interest bearing borrowings	-
Repayments of interest-bearing borrowing	(31,372)
Finance costs	6,369
Interest paid on financing activities	(5,543)
At 30 June 2022	237,111

As at the 30 June 2021 the below changes occurred for the Group:

Group	Total £'000
At 1 January 2021	273,539
Drawdown of interest bearing borrowings	-
Repayments of interest-bearing borrowing	(9,092)
Finance costs	6,644
Interest paid on financing activities	(5,624)
At 30 June 2021	265,467

As at the 31 December 2021 the below changes occurred for the Group:

 

Group	Total £'000
At 1 January 2021	273,539
Drawdown of interest bearing borrowings	27,000
Repayments of interest-bearing borrowing	(34,375)
Finance costs	12,859
Interest paid on financing activities	(11,366)
At 31 December 2021	267,657

The below table analyses the Group's financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings as well as expected future interest and commitment fee costs based on the remaining period at the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position date to the final scheduled maturity date.

30 June 2022 Group Financial instrument	< 1 year £'000	1 - 5 years £'000	More than 5 years £'000	Total £'000
Credit facility	59,129	179,589	-	238,718
Interest and commitment fees payable	(189)	(1,418)	-	(1,607)
Total exposure	58,940	178,171	-	237,111

 

The below table analyses the Group's financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings as well as expected future interest and commitment fee costs based on the remaining period at the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position date to the final scheduled maturity date.

30 June 2021 Group Financial instrument	< 1 year £'000	1 - 5 years £'000	Total £'000
Credit facility	29,883	238,385	268,268
Interest and commitment fees payable	8,361	12,871	21,232
Total exposure	38,244	251,256	289,500

 

The below table analyses the Group's financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings as well as expected future interest and commitment fee costs based on the remaining period at the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position date to the final scheduled maturity date.

31 December 2021 Group Financial instrument	< 1 year £'000	1 - 5 years £'000	More than 5 years £'000	Total £'000
Credit facility	49,435	185,545	35,000	269,980
Interest and commitment fees payable	(96)	(2,944)	717	(2,323)
Total exposure	49,339	182,601	35,717	267,657

15. Ordinary Share Capital

The table below details the issued share capital of the Company as at the date of the Financial Statements.

	30 June 2022	30 June 2021	31 December 2021
No. Issued, allotted and fully paid ordinary shares of £0.01 each	34,736,934	35,259,741	35,259,741
Cost £'000	347	352	352

The table below shows the movement in shares during the period to 30 June 2022:

	Shares in issue at the beginning of the period	Buyback of Ordinary Shares	Shares in issue at the end of the period
Ordinary Shares	35,259,741	(522,807)	34,736,934
Treasury Shares	4,190,178	522,807	4,712,985

 

The table below shows the movement in shares during the period to 30 June 2021:

	Shares in issue at the beginning of the period	Buyback of Ordinary Shares	Shares in issue at the end of the period
Ordinary Shares	35,259,741	-	35,259,741
Treasury Shares	4,190,178	-	4,190,178

 

The table below shows the movement in shares during the year to 31 December 2021:

	Shares in issue at the beginning of the period	Buyback of Ordinary Shares	Shares in issue at the end of the period
Ordinary Shares	35,259,741	-	35,259,741
Treasury Shares	4,190,178	-	4,190,178

16. Special Distributable Reserve

At a general meeting of the Company held on 14 December 2015, special resolutions were passed approving the cancellation of the amount standing to the credit of the Company's share premium account as at 23 December 2015.

Following the approval of the Court and the subsequent registration of the Court order with the Registrar of Companies on 21 March 2016, the reduction became effective. Accordingly, £98.1 million, previously held in the share premium account, has been transferred to the special distributable reserve as disclosed in the Statement of Financial Position.

During the period the Company repurchased an additional 522,807 shares (30 June 2021: nil , 31 December 2021: 4,190,178) using the special distributable reserve for an amount of £4.8m (30 June 2021:£23.98 million, 31 December 2021: £34.82 million).

17. Investments in SUBSIDIARIES

On 20 June 2019 the Group incorporated Sting Funding Limited ("Sting"), a limited Company incorporated under the law of England and Wales. The company is registered at 1 Bartholomew Lane, London, United Kingdom, EC2N 2AX. The Group is considered to control Sting through holding 100 per cent of the issued shares. As a result, the financial statements are prepared on a consolidated basis. Sting became active on 28 August 2019 when it drew down on a debt facility backed by commercial and second charge residential mortgages.

The Company also consolidates a structured entity, Bud Funding Limited ("Bud"), a limited company incorporated under the law of England and Wales. The company is registered at 1 Bartholomew Lane, London, United Kingdom, EC2N 2AX. The Company is considered to control Bud through its exposure to the variable returns of the vehicle through holding of a junior note issued by it and by way of control exerted through its involvement in the initial creation of Bud and in the absence of another entity now having control. Bud was incorporated on 2 November 2020 and the junior note was funded on 2 December 2020, at which point the control began.

The assets of the subsidiaries are credit assets that are included as part of the impairment policies of the group and no impairment triggers have been identified for the subsidiaries.

18. Net Asset Value per Ordinary Share

	30 June 2022	30 June 2021	31 December 2021
Net asset value per ordinary share pence	1,019.7p	1,017.0p	1,019.1p
Net assets attributable £'000	354,218	358,595	359,342

 

The net asset value per ordinary share as at 30 June 2022 is based on net assets at the period-end of £354.2 million and on 34,736,934 ordinary shares in issue at the period-end.

The net asset value per ordinary share at 30 June 2021 is based on net assets of £358.6 million and on 35,259,741 ordinary shares in issue.

The net asset value per ordinary share as at 31 December 2021 is based on net assets at the year-end of £359.3 million and on 35,259,741 ordinary shares in issue at the year-end.

19. Contingent Liabilities and Capital Commitments

As at 30 June 2022, 30 June 2021 and 31 December 2021 there were no contingent liabilities or capital commitments for the Group.

20. Related Party Transactions and Transactions with the Investment Manager

IAS 24 'Related party disclosures' requires the disclosure of the details of material transactions between the Company and any related parties. Accordingly, the disclosures required are set out below:

During 2022, in line with the Board's remuneration policy, and Directors' entitlement to additional fees in respect of any additional services performed by them, the Remuneration Committee reviewed a proposal for additional fees to be payable to Directors in respect of the Combination with Pollen Street Capital Holdings Limited, which required Directors to dedicate additional time to review associated documents and to attend additional meetings. Following such discussion, and upon the advice of the Remuneration Committee, the Board agreed an additional  payment to the Chairman of £50,000 and to the other Directors of £40,000. Such fees were set with regard to other comparable investment companies who have undertaken equivalent activities.

The following fee structure for Directors is in effect:

·      Chairman - £60,000 per annum

·      Senior Independent Director - £50,000 per annum

·      Non-Executive Director - £45,000 per annum

·      Chair of Audit Committee - Additional supplement of £5,000 per annum

·      Chair of Risk Committee - Additional supplement of £5,000 per annum

·      Chair of Remuneration Committee - Additional supplement of £5,000 per annum

As at 30 June 2022, Joanne Lake held 2,713 Ordinary Shares in the Company, no other Directors held an interest in the Company shares at this date.

There were no other transactions during the period with the Directors of the Company. At 30 June 2022, there was £nil (30 June 2021: £nil, 31 December 2021: £nil) payable to the Directors for fees and expenses.

Investment Manager - Pollen Street Capital Limited (the 'Investment Manager'), a UK-based company authorised and regulated by the FCA, has been appointed the Company's investment manager and AIFM for the purposes of the AIFMD. Details of the services provided by the Investment Manager and the fees paid are given on Note 4 to the financial statements.

Management and performance fees incurred during the period to 30 June 2022 were £4.37 million (30 June 2021: £5.46 million, 31 December 2021: £9.72 million) of which £1.9 million (30 June 2021: £2.77 million, 31 December 2021: £4.47 million) was payable to the Investment Manager as at the 30 June 2022.

The Group considers all transactions with the Investment Manager or companies that are controlled by the Investment Manager as related party transactions.

Oplo Group Limited ("Oplo", formerly 1^st Stop Group) is an English based consumer lender, owned by a fund that is managed by an affiliate of the Investment Manager. During the period, the structured facility to Oplo was repaid. The Group also had a forward flow relationship in place with Oplo and these loans have an outstanding balance as at 30 June 2022 of £9.5 million (June 2021: £40.3 million, 31 December 2021: £47.6 million).

The Company also carried out FX hedging with Lumon Pay Limited ("LPL") in relation to some Euro and US dollar development finance that it had entered during the period. Lumon is owned by a fund that is managed by an affiliate of the Investment Manager. The exposures at each reporting date are disclosed in Note 10.

21. Ultimate Controlling Party

It is the opinion of the Directors that there is no ultimate controlling party.

22. Subsequent Events

On 6 September 2022 a dividend of 20.0 pence per ordinary share was approved for payment on 30 September 2022.

23. Approval of the Financial Statements

The unaudited financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors of Honeycomb Investment Trust plc (a public limited company incorporated in England and Wales with company number 09899024) and authorised for issue on 12 September 2022.

 

 

 

 

 

 

4   Shareholders' Information

 

Directors, Portfolio Manager and Advisers

 

Directors	Administrator
Robert Sharpe	Apex Fund Services (UK) Ltd
Jim Coyle	5th Floor, Bastion House
Richard Rowney	140 London Wall
Joanne Lake	London EC2Y 5DN
all at the registered office below	England
Registered Office	Depositary
6th Floor	Indos Financial Limited
65 Gresham Street	c/o JTC, 18th Floor, the Scalpel
London EC2V 7NQ	52 Lime Street, London EC3M 7AF
England	England
Investment Manager and AIFM	Registrar
Pollen Street Capital Limited	Computershare Investor Services PLC
11 - 12 Hanover Square	The Pavilions, Bridgwater Road
London W1S 1JJ	Bristol BS99 6ZZ
England	England
Financial Advisers and Brokers Barclays Bank plc 1 Churchill Place Canary Wharf London E14 5H England	Company Secretary Link Company Matters Limited Central Square 10th Floor, 29 Wellington Street Leeds LS1 4DL England
Liberum Capital Limited
Level 12, Ropemaker Street	Independent Auditors
25 Ropemaker Place	PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
London EC2Y 9LY	7 More London Riverside
England	London SE1 2RT
	England
Cenkos Securities plc
6.7.8 Tokenhouse Yard	Share Identifiers
London EC2R 7AS	ISIN: GB00BYZV3G25
England	Sedol: BYZV3G2
	Ticker: HONY
Custodian
Sparkasse Bank Malta PLC
Ix-Xatt ta' Qui-si-Sana
101 Townsquare
Sliema SLM3112
Malta
Website
http://www.honeycombplc.com/

 

Website

The Company's website can be found at www.honeycombplc.com. The site provides visitors with Company information and literature downloads. The Company's profile is also available on third-party sites such as www.trustnet.com and https://data.fca.org.uk/#/nsm/nationalstoragemechanism.

Annual and half-yearly reports

Copies of the annual and half-yearly reports may be obtained from the Company Secretary by calling emailing hitcosec@linkgroup.com or by visiting www.honeycombplc.com.

Share prices and Net Asset Value information

The Company's ordinary shares of 1p each are quoted on the London Stock Exchange:

·        SEDOL number: BYZV3G2

·        ISIN number: GB00BYZV3G25

·        EPIC code: HONY

The codes above may be required to access trading information relating to the Company on the internet.

Electronic communications with the Company

The Group's consolidated annual report & audited financial statements, half-yearly reports and other formal communications are available on the Company's website. To reduce costs the Company's half-yearly financial statements are not posted to shareholders but are instead made available on the Company's website.

Whistleblowing

As the Company has no employees, the Company does not have a whistleblowing policy. The Audit Committee reviews the whistleblowing procedures of the Investment Manager and Administrator to ensure that the concerns of their staff may be raised in a confidential manner.

Warning to shareholders - share fraud scams

Fraudsters use persuasive and high-pressure tactics to lure investors into scams. They may offer to sell shares that turn out to be worthless or non-existent, or to buy shares at an inflated price in return for an upfront payment. While high profits are promised, if you buy or sell shares in this way, you will probably lose your money.

How to avoid share fraud

·        Keep in mind that firms authorised by the FCA are unlikely to contact you out of the blue with an offer to buy or sell shares

·        Do not get into a conversation, note the name of the person and firm contacting you and then end the call

·        Check the Financial Services Register from www.fca.org.uk to see if the person and firm contacting you is authorised by the FCA

·        Beware of fraudsters claiming to be from an authorised firm, copying its website or giving you false contact details

·        Use the firm's contact details listed on the Register if you want to call it back

·        Call the FCA on 0800 111 6768 if the firm does not have contact details on the Register or you are told they are out of date

·        Search the list of unauthorised firms to avoid at www.fca.org.uk/scams

·        Consider that if you buy or sell shares from an unauthorised firm you will not have access to the Financial Ombudsman Service or Financial Services Compensation Scheme. 

·        Think about getting independent financial and professional advice before you hand over any money

·        Remember: if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is!

5,000 people contact the Financial Conduct Authority about share fraud each year, with victims losing an average of £20,000.

Report a scam

If you are approached by fraudsters, please tell the FCA using the share fraud reporting form at fca.org.uk /scams, where you can find out more about investment scams. You can also call the FCA Consumer Helpline on 0800 111 6768.

If you have already paid money to share fraudsters, you should contact Action Fraud on 0300 123 2040.

 

5.Definition and reconciliation to alternative performance measures

 

Credit Assets	Credit Assets are loans made to counterparties, together with related investments.
Equity Assets	Equity Assets are selected equity investments that are aligned with the Company's strategy and that present opportunities to enhance the Company's returns from its investments.
Net asset value ("NAV")	Net asset value represents the total value of the Group's assets less the total value of its liabilities. For valuation purposes, it is common to express the NAV on a per share basis.
Ongoing Charges	Ongoing charges is calculated as a percentage of annualised ongoing charge over average reported NAV. Ongoing charges are those expenses of a type which are likely to recur in the foreseeable future.
Premium	If the share price of the Company is higher than the NAV per share, the Company's shares are said to be trading at a premium. The premium is shown as a percentage of the NAV.
Discount	If the share price of the Company is lower than the NAV per share, the Company's shares are said to be trading at a discount. The discount is shown as a percentage of the NAV.
Fair Value	The amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between willing parties in an arm's length transaction.
Registrar	An entity that manages the Company's shareholder register. The Company's registrar is Computershare Investor Services PLC.
Alternative Investment Fund ("AIF")	An AIF, as defined in the AIFM Directive 2011/61/EU on Alternative Investment Fund Managers.
LIBOR ("London Inter-Bank Offered Rate")	The interest rate participating banks offer to other banks for loans on the London market.
Structured Loan	Credit Asset whereby the Group typically has senior secured loans to speciality finance companies, whereby the security on our investment comprises the assets originated by the speciality finance company and the company provides the 'first loss' in the form of 'real capital' whilst the Company provides the senior capital. Corporate guarantees also typically taken
Direct Portfolio	Portfolios of loans owned directly by the Group, typically secured on property
AIFM	An Alternative Investment Fund Manager, as defined in the AIFM Directive. Pollen Street Capital Limited undertakes this role on behalf of the Company.
Servicers	Comprehensive loan servicing to support the full loan lifecycle, from origination, through account servicing to arrears management.

 

Reconciliation to Alternative performance measures

Premium / (Discount) to NAV per share

	30 June 2022	30 June 2021	31 December 2021
NAV per share (Cum income)	1,019.7p	1,017.0p	1,019.1p
Share Price at Close	890.0p	970.0p	945.0p
Premium / (Discount)	(12.7)%	(4.6)%	(7.3)%

The premium / (discount) to NAV per share is calculated by taking the difference between the share price at close and the NAV per share (Cum income) and dividing it by the NAV per share.

Annual NAV per Share Return

	30 June 2022	30 June 2021	31 December 2021
NAV per share (Cum income) at period end	1,019.7p	1,017.0p	1,019.1p
NAV per share (Cum income) at period start	1,019.1p	1,013.1p	1,013.1p
Dividends per share paid in the period	40.0p	40.0p	80.0p
Annual Nav per Share Return	8.0%	8.7%	8.5%

The annual NAV per share return is calculated by taking the total of the closing NAV per share (Cum income) at period end, adding the dividend per share paid in the period and subtracting the NAV per share (Cum income) at period started, divided by the NAV per share (Cum income) at period start. In the case of a half-year, this return is pro-rated based on day count to generate an annualised return.

Inception to Date ("ITD") NAV per Share Return

	30 June 2022	30 June 2021	31 December 2021
NAV per share (Cum income)	1,019.7p	1,017.0p	1,019.1p
Opening NAV per share (Cum income) at inception	982.0p	982.0p	982.0p
Dividends per share paid since inception	492.9p	412.9p	452.9p
ITD NAV per Share Return	54.0%	45.6%	49.9%

The ITD NAV per share return is calculated by taking the total of the closing NAV per share (cum income) at period end and adding the dividend per share paid since inception and subtracting the opening NAV per share (Cum Income) at inception, divided by the NAV per share (cum income) at inception.

Debt to Equity

	30 June 2022 £'000	30 June 2021 £'000	31 December 2021 £'000
Net Asset Value	354,218	358,595	359,342
Interest Bearing Borrowings	237,111	265,467	267,657
Debt to Equity ratio	66.9%	74.0%	74.5%
Cash and cash equivalents	11,848	28,359	12,948
Net Debt to Equity Ratio	63.6%	66.1%	70.9%

Debt to equity ratio is calculated as the Group's interest-bearing debt divided by the net asset value expressed as a percentage. Net Debt to equity ratio is calculated as the Group's interest-bearing debt less cash and cash equivalents, divided by the net asset value expressed as a percentage.

Dividend Return

	30 June 2022	30 June 2021	31 December 2021
Dividend declared (pence per share)	40.0	40.0	80.0
IPO issue price (pence per share)	1,000.0	1,000.0	1,000.0
Dividend Return	8.0%	8.0%	8.0%

Dividend return is calculated as the total declared dividends for the period divided by IPO issue price. In the case of a half-year, this return is pro-rated based on day count to generate an annualised return.

Ongoing Charges

	30 June 2022 £'000	30 June 2021 £'000	31 December 2021 £'000
Auditors' remuneration	128	143	319
Administrator's fees	89	89	179
Directors' fees	160	110	227
Management Fee	2,922	3,172	6,349
Other costs	670	447	1,417
Average NAV	359,906	359,720	360,793
Ongoing Charges	2.2%	2.2%	2.3%

Ongoing charges ratio: The Annualised Ongoing Charge is calculated using the Association of Investment Companies recommended methodology. It is calculated as a percentage of annualised ongoing charge over average reported Net Asset Value. Average NAV is calculated as the average of the previous 12 months published monthly NAV's. Ongoing charges are those expenses of a type which are likely to recur in the foreseeable future, whether charged to capital or revenue, and which relate to the operation of the investment company as a collective fund, excluding the costs of acquisition/disposal of investments, financing charges and gains/losses arising on investments. Ongoing charges are based on costs incurred in the period as being the best estimate of future costs. The AIC excludes performance fees from the Ongoing Charges calculation.

NAV Return Bridge

	2022 £'000
Monthly Average Credit Assets	572,858
Monthly Average NAV plus Leverage	606,686
Monthly Average NAV	359.906

Monthly Average Credit Assets is the mean of the aggregate of the credit assets at amortised cost, credit assets held at fair value through profit or loss and derivative assets held at fair value through profit or loss for each month end from 31 December 2021 to 30 June 2022, inclusive.

Monthly Average NAV plus Leverage is the mean of the net assets of the Group, plus interest bearing borrowings, for each month end 31 December 2021 to 30 June 2022, inclusive.

Monthly Average NAV is the mean of the net assets of the Group for month end from 31 December 2021 to 30 June 2022 inclusive.

	H1 2022
Investment Yield	9.0%	Investment yield is calculated as Interest Income on credit assets at amortised cost, plus Income/(loss) on credit assets at fair value through profit and loss, less third party servicing, divided by Monthly Average Credit Assets
Impairments and write-offs	0.0%	Impairments and write-offs is calculated as credit impairment losses over Monthly Average Credit Assets
Credit asset return	9.0%	Credit asset return is a sub-total of the above
Equity and working capital	(0.5%)	The impact of equity and working capital is calculated as the Statement of Comprehensive Income amounts above plus Income / (Loss) on equity assets at fair value through profit and loss divided by Monthly Average NAV plus Leverage, less the impact of items already disclosed above
Effect of leverage and Investment Manager fees	(0.2%)	Effect of leverage is calculated as the above Statement of Comprehensive Income amounts above plus finance costs divided by Monthly Average NAV, less the impact of items already disclosed above. Investment Manager fees calculated as Management fee and Performance fee divided by Monthly Average NAV
Fund Opex	(0.6%)	Calculated as Fund expenses, divided by Monthly Average NAV
Effect of Buybacks	0.3%	Calculated as the difference between the cost of the bought shares and their value at NAV per share, divided by NAV
NAV return	8.0%	Annual NAV per Share Return