Albion Development VCT PLC
Annual Financial Report
LEI Code 213800FDDMBD9QLHLB38
As required by the UK Listing Authority's Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules 4.1 and 6.3, Albion Development VCT PLC today makes public its information relating to the Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2023.
This announcement was approved for release by the Board of Directors on 19 April 2024.
This announcement has not been audited.
The Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 (which have been audited), will shortly be sent to shareholders. Copies of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements will be shown via the Albion Capital Group LLP website by clicking www.albion.capital/funds/AADV/31Dec2023.pdf.
Investment policy
The Company will invest in a broad portfolio of higher growth businesses with a stronger focus on technology companies across a variety of sectors of the UK economy. Allocation of assets will be determined by the investment opportunities which become available but efforts will be made to ensure that the portfolio is diversified in terms of sector and stage of maturity of company.
Funds held pending investment or for liquidity purposes will be held as cash on deposit or up to 8% of its assets, at the time of investment, in liquid open-ended equity funds providing income and capital equity exposure (where it is considered economic to do so).
Risk diversification and maximum exposures
Risk is spread by investing in a number of different businesses within venture capital trust qualifying industry sectors using a mixture of securities. The maximum amount which the Company will invest in a single portfolio company is 15% of the Company's assets at cost thus ensuring a spread of investment risk. The value of an individual investment may increase over time as a result of trading progress and it is possible that it may grow in value to a point where it represents a significantly higher proportion of total assets prior to a realisation opportunity being available.
The Company's maximum exposure in relation to gearing is restricted to 10% of the adjusted share capital and reserves.
Financial calendar
| Record date for first dividend | 3 May 2024 |
| Payment of first dividend | 31 May 2024 |
| Annual General Meeting | Noon on 20 June 2024 |
| Announcement of Half-yearly results for the six months ending 30 June 2024 | September 2024 |
Financial highlights
| 206.78p | Total shareholder value per share as at 31 December 2023† (2022: 202.22p) †† |
| 5.14% | Shareholder return for the year ended 31 December 2023†† (2022: loss of 1.71%) |
| 4.51p | Tax-free dividend per share for the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: 4.71p) |
| 88.70p | Net asset value per share as at 31 December 2023 (2022: 88.65p) |
†Total shareholder value per share at 31 December 2023 is calculated using net asset value per share at 31 December 2023 plus dividends paid per Ordinary share since launch to 31 December 2023.
††These are considered Alternative Performance Measures, see note 3 in the KPI’s and APM’s section of the Strategic report for further explanation.
Movements in net asset value
| 31 December 2023 pence per share | 31 December 2022 pence per share | |
| Opening net asset value | 88.65 | 94.98 |
| Capital return/(loss) | 3.66 | (2.36) |
| Revenue return | 0.63 | 0.49 |
| Total return/(loss) | 4.29 | (1.87) |
| Dividends paid | (4.51) | (4.71) |
| Impact of share capital movements | 0.27 | 0.25 |
| Net asset value | 88.70 | 88.65 |
Total shareholder value per share
| Ordinary shares | |
| (pence per share) | |
| Total dividends paid to 31 December 2023 | 118.08 |
| Net asset value as at 31 December 2023 | 88.70 |
| Total shareholder value per share to 31 December 2023 | 206.78 |
The financial summary above is for the Company, Albion Development VCT PLC Ordinary shares only. Details of the financial performance of the C shares and D shares, which have been merged into the Ordinary shares, can be found at www.albion.capital/funds/AADV under the ‘Financial summary for previous funds’ section.
A more detailed breakdown of the dividends paid per year can be found at www.albion.capital/funds/AADV under the ‘Dividend History’ section.
In addition to the dividends paid above, the Board has declared a first dividend for the year ending 31 December 2024 of 2.22 pence per share payable on 31 May 2024 to shareholders on the register on 3 May 2024.
Chairman’s statement
Introduction
Despite the continuing broader uncertain macro-economic and geopolitical backdrop, and the resulting significant market volatility, the Company recorded an encouraging set of results. Thus, I am pleased to report a positive return of 4.56 pence per share for the year ended 31 December 2023 which represents a 5.1% uplift on the opening net asset value.
Notwithstanding the ongoing uncertainties facing the Company, the Board remains encouraged by the progress that is being made by many of the portfolio companies. However, the Board also recognises that the Company has a venture capital portfolio, which may have periods of short term volatility, so its returns should be evaluated over the longer-term.
Results and dividends
As at 31 December 2023 the net asset value was 88.70 pence per share compared to 88.65 pence per share as at 31 December 2022. The total gain before taxation was £5.8 million compared to a loss of £2.3 million for the previous year.
In line with our variable dividend policy targeting 5% of NAV per annum, the Company paid dividends totalling 4.51 pence per share during the year to 31 December 2023 (2022: 4.71 pence per share). The Company will pay a first dividend for the financial year to 31 December 2024 of 2.22 pence per share on 31 May 2024 to shareholders on the register on 3 May 2024, being 2.5% of this 31 December 2023 NAV.
Investment performance and progress
The results for the year showed net gains on investments of £7.3 million, compared with net losses of £0.6 million for the previous year. The results are largely driven by unrealised gains across the portfolio together with realised gains from successful exits during the year. Quantexa, the largest company within our portfolio (18.6% of net asset value), increased its value in the year by £10.0m following an externally led $129 million Series E fundraising which completed in April 2023 and a part disposal in October 2023, which is detailed below. The other largest contributors to the net gain were unrealised gains in Egress Software Technologies by £1.5 million and Proveca by £0.7 million, and a realised gain in Ophelos by £0.6 million following its sale. These gains have been partially offset by unrealised losses, including a £1.7 million loss in Black Swan Data and £0.8 million in Threadneedle Software Holdings (T/A Solidatus).
The Company had a number of investment realisations in the year with proceeds totalling £5.3 million, leading to realised gains during the year of £1.5 million. The largest realised gains were generated from a part disposal in Quantexa delivering an 11.9 times return on its weighted average cost as well as the disposal of Ophelos delivering 2.1 times cost. Further details on these disposals, and other realisations, can be found in the realisations table on page 29 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements.
The three largest Investments in the Company’s portfolio, being Quantexa, Egress Software Technologies and Proveca, are valued at £42.2 million and represent 35.3% of the Company’s net asset value.
The Company has been an active investor during the year investing a total of £6.9 million. Of this, £2.2 million was invested into five new portfolio companies, all of which are expected to require further investment as the companies prove themselves and grow. The new investments during the year were:
- £0.9 million into OpenDialog AI, which allows organisations to create and deploy AI powered chatbots and virtual assistants in a no-code environment, to allow for conversational experiences with customers and employees across a variety of communication channels;
- £0.5 million into GridCog International, a SaaS platform which provides project modelling software to plan, track and optimise Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) across multiple sites and asset types integrated together;
- £0.4 million into Phasecraft, which develops new algorithms to make use of early quantum computers for materials science problems;
- £0.2 million into Kennek Solutions, a vertical end to end software for non-bank lenders which allows them to manage the full value chain of lending in a single platform; and
- £0.2 million into Mondra Global, software platform to automate environmental product Lifecycle Assessments (LCA), allowing global retailers to measure, manage and importantly reduce the carbon emissions of their products in their supply chains.
A further £4.7 million was invested into existing portfolio companies, the largest being: £1.4 million into Panaseer; £1.1 million into Proveca; and £0.6 million into Seldon Technologies. A full list of the Company’s investments and disposals, including their movements in value for the year, can be found in the Portfolio of investments section on pages 27 to 29 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements.
Risks and uncertainties
The Company faces a number of significant risks, including higher interest rates, high levels of inflation and the ongoing impact of geopolitical tensions. This complex backdrop is factored into how the Company is managed, including its management of cash.
Our investment portfolio, while concentrated mainly in the technology and healthcare sectors, remains diversified in terms of both sub-sector and stage of maturity and, importantly, we believe it to be appropriately valued. The Manager is continually assessing the exposure to these risks for each portfolio company and appropriate actions, where possible, are being implemented. This includes the potential provision of further financial support to portfolio companies where necessary.
A detailed analysis of the other risks and uncertainties facing the business is shown in the Strategic report below.
Share buy-backs
It remains the Board’s primary objective to maintain sufficient resources for investment in existing and new portfolio companies and for the continued payment of dividends to shareholders. The Board’s policy is to buy back shares in the market, subject to the overall constraint that such purchases are in the Company’s interest.
It is the Board’s intention for such buy-backs to be in the region of a 5% discount to net asset value, so far as market conditions and liquidity permit. Details of shares bought back during the year can be found in note 15.
Albion VCTs Prospectus Top Up Offers
On 9 March 2023, the Board announced the closure of the 2022/23 Top Up Offer having reached its £13.0 million limit.
Your Board, in conjunction with the Boards of four other VCTs managed by Albion Capital Group LLP, published a Prospectus Top Up Offer of new Ordinary shares on 15 December 2023. The Offer launched to applications on 2 January 2024 and closed on 20 March 2024. The amount raised by the Company was £14.5 million.
The proceeds will be used to provide support to our existing portfolio companies and to enable us to take advantage of new investment opportunities. Details of share allotments made during and after the financial year can be found in notes 15 and 19 respectively.
Annual General Meeting (“AGM”)
The AGM will be held virtually at noon on 20 June 2024 via the Lumi platform. Information on how to participate in the live webcast can be found on the Manager’s website www.albion.capital/vct-hub/agms-events.
The Board welcomes questions from shareholders at the AGM and shareholders will be able to ask questions using the Lumi platform during the AGM. Alternatively, shareholders can email their questions to AADVchair@albion.capital prior to the Meeting.
Shareholders' views are important, and the Board encourages shareholders to vote on the resolutions.
Further details on the format and business to be conducted at the AGM can be found in the Directors’ report on pages 49 and 50 and in the Notice of the Meeting on pages 89 to 92 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements.
Audit tender process
Following a formal and rigorous audit tender process, the Board appointed Johnston Carmichael LLP (“Johnston Carmichael”) as the new Auditor of the Company in October 2023. Johnston Carmichael has conducted the audit of the Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2023. Shareholders will be asked to confirm the appointment of Johnston Carmichael at the forthcoming AGM. During the audit tender process, prospective auditors were evaluated using guidance issued by the Financial Reporting Council in February 2017 and the Board completed a two-stage process which considered and evaluated relevant expertise, audit firm quality, audit firm resilience and value for money.
The Board would like to thank BDO for their diligent service for over 15 years.
Further details on the tender process can be found in the Statement of corporate governance on page 55 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements.
Outlook and prospects
The Board is pleased with the positive return for the year and the portfolio remains well diversified with companies at different stages of maturity and targeted at sectors such as healthcare, software and FinTech, with minimal exposure to consumer expenditure. Therefore, the Board is confident that the Company is well placed to grow value for shareholders over the long term.
Ben Larkin
Chairman
19 April 2024
Strategic report
Investment policy
The Company will invest in a broad portfolio of higher growth businesses with a stronger focus on technology companies across a variety of sectors of the UK economy. Allocation of assets will be determined by the investment opportunities which become available but efforts will be made to ensure that the portfolio is diversified in terms of sector and stage of maturity of company.
The full investment policy can be found above.
Current portfolio sector allocation
The pie charts at the end of this announcement are a useful way of showing the split of the portfolio valuation as at 31 December 2023 by: sector; stage of maturity measured by revenues; and their size measured by number of employees. Details of the principal investments made by the Company are shown in the Portfolio of investments on pages 27 and 28 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements.
Direction of portfolio
The cash currently sits at 19% which the Company will use to support those portfolio companies that require it, as well as to capitalise on any new investment opportunities that arise. The Manager has a deep sector knowledge in healthcare, FinTech and software investing, and these funds will be invested predominantly into higher growth technology companies within these sectors.
Results and dividends
| £’000 | |
| Net capital gain for the year | 4,900 |
| Net revenue return for the year | 853 |
| Total gain for the year ended 31 December 2023 | 5,753 |
| Dividend of 2.22 pence per share paid on 31 May 2023 | (3,012) |
| Dividend of 2.29 pence per share paid on 29 September 2023 | (3,105) |
| Unclaimed dividends | 11 |
| Transferred from reserves | (353) |
Net assets as at 31 December 2023 | 119,633 |
Net asset value per share as at 31 December 2023 | 88.70 pence per share |
The Company paid dividends totalling 4.51 pence per share (2022: 4.71 pence per share). The Board has a variable dividend policy which targets an annual dividend yield of around 5% on the prevailing net asset value. As a result, the Board has declared a first dividend for the year ending 31 December 2024 of 2.22 pence per share payable on 31 May 2024 to shareholders on the register on 3 May 2024.
As shown in the Income statement, the total investment income increased to £1,508,000 (2022: £1,194,000). This is due to increased bank interest and income from fixed terms funds from higher interest rates in the year. The revenue return to equity holders has subsequently increased to £853,000 (2022: £591,000).
The net capital gain for the year was £4,900,000 (2022: net loss of £2,843,000). The net gain was due to net unrealised gains from the valuations of investments. Key valuation movements during the year are outlined in the investment portfolio section of the Chairman’s statement. The total gain for the year was 4.29 pence per share (2022: loss of 1.87 pence per share).
The cash outflow for the Company was £4,093,000 for the year (2022: inflow of £9,459,000). This resulted mainly from new investments, dividends paid, share buy-backs and ongoing expenses, offset by the issue of new Ordinary shares under the 2022/23 Top Up Offer, disposal proceeds, loan stock income and interest from bank deposits and fixed term funds.
Review of business and future changes
A detailed review of the Company’s business during the year is contained in the Chairman’s statement. The results for the year to 31 December 2023 show total shareholder value per share of 206.78 pence per share since launch (2022: 202.22 pence per share).
There is a continuing focus on growing the FinTech, healthcare (including digital healthcare) and other software and technology sectors. The majority of these investment returns are delivered through equity and capital gains, and will be the key driver of success for the Company. Investment income, which is received primarily from our renewable energy investments, is expected to remain steady over the coming years.
Details of significant events which have occurred since the end of the financial year are listed in note 19. Details of transactions with the Manager are shown in note 5.
Future prospects
The Company’s financial results for the year demonstrate that the portfolio remains well balanced across sectors and risk classes, and is largely weathering the impacts of the ongoing global issues caused as a result of high levels of interest rates and inflation, due in part to the geopolitical tensions, however the full effects of these issues will continue to be felt in years to come. Although there remains much uncertainty, the Board considers that the current portfolio has the potential to deliver long term growth, whilst maintaining a predictable stream of dividend payments to shareholders. Further details of the Company’s outlook and prospects can be found in the Chairman’s statement.
Key Performance Indicators (“KPIs”) and Alternative Performance Measures (“APMs”)
The Directors believe that the following KPIs and APMs, which are typical for Venture Capital Trusts, used in its own assessment of the Company, will provide shareholders with sufficient information to assess how effectively the Company is applying its investment policy to meet its objectives. The Directors are satisfied that the results shown in the following KPIs and APMs give a good indication that the Company is achieving its investment objective and policy.
1. Total shareholder return relative to FTSE All-Share Index total return
The graph on page 8 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements shows the Company’s total shareholder return relative to the FTSE All-Share Index total return, with dividends reinvested. The FTSE All-Share index is considered a reasonable benchmark as the Company is classed as a generalist UK VCT investor, and this index includes over 600 companies listed in the UK, including small-cap, covering a range of sectors. Details on the performance of the net asset value and return per share for the year are shown in the Chairman’s statement.
2. Net asset value per share (APM) and cumulative dividends
The chart on page 16 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements illustrates the movement in net asset value per share and cumulative dividends paid since launch.
3. Shareholder value (APM) and Shareholder return† (APM)
Total shareholder value increased by 5.1% on opening net asset value to 206.78 pence per share for the year ended 31 December 2023 as a result of the positive total return of 4.29 pence per share.
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
| 5.4% | 4.1% | 6.5% | 10.0% | 20.3% | 3.8% | 3.8% | 20.5% | (1.7%) | 5.1% |
†Methodology: Calculated by the movement in total shareholder value per share for the year divided by the opening net asset value.
4. Dividend distributions
Dividends paid in respect of the year ended 31 December 2023 were 4.51 pence per share (2022: 4.71 pence per share). Cumulative dividends paid since inception are 118.08 pence per share.
5. Ongoing charges (APM)
The ongoing charges ratio for the year to 31 December 2023 was 2.50% (2022: 2.50%). The ongoing charges ratio has been calculated using The Association of Investment Companies’ (“AIC”) recommended methodology. This figure shows shareholders the total recurring annual operational expenses (including investment management fees charged to capital reserve) as a percentage of the average net assets attributable to shareholders. The ongoing charges cap is 2.50%, which has resulted in a saving of £57,000 to shareholders during the year (2022: £41,000).
6. VCT compliance*
The investment policy is designed to ensure that the Company continues to qualify and is approved as a VCT by HMRC. In order to maintain its status under Venture Capital Trust legislation, a VCT must comply on a continuing basis with the provisions of Section 274 of the Income Tax Act 2007, details of which are provided in the Directors’ report on pages 46 and 47 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements.
The relevant tests to measure compliance have been carried out and independently reviewed for the year ended 31 December 2023. These showed that the Company has complied with all tests and continues to do so.
*VCT compliance is not a numerical measure of performance and thus cannot be defined as an APM.
Gearing
As defined by the Articles of Association, the Company’s maximum exposure in relation to gearing is restricted to 10% of the share capital and reserves adjusted for any dividends declared. Although the investment policy permits the Company to borrow, the Directors do not currently have any intention of utilising long-term gearing and have not done so in the past.
Operational arrangements
The Company has delegated the investment management of the portfolio to the Manager, Albion Capital Group LLP, which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. The Manager also provides company secretarial and other accounting and administrative support to the Company.
Management agreement
Under the Investment Management agreement (“IMA”), the Manager provides investment management, company secretarial and administrative services to the Company. The IMA can be terminated by either party on 12 months’ notice and is subject to earlier termination in the event of certain breaches or on the insolvency of either party. The Manager is paid an annual fee equal to 2.25% of the net asset value of the Company paid quarterly in arrears.
Total annual ongoing expenses, including the management fee but excluding any performance incentive fee, are limited to 2.5% of the net asset value, as per the resolution passed at the General Meeting in 2019.
In some instances, the Manager is entitled to an arrangement fee, payable by a portfolio company in which the Company invests, in the region of 2% of the investment made, and also monitoring fees where the Manager has a representative on the portfolio company’s board; these fees are payable by the portfolio company. Further details of the Manager’s fee can be found in note 5 to the Financial Statements.
Management performance incentive
In order to align the interests of the Manager and shareholders with regards to generating positive returns, the Company has a Management performance incentive arrangement with the Manager. Under the incentive arrangement, the Company will pay an incentive fee to the Manager of an amount equal to 20% of any excess return that is calculated for each financial year.
The performance fee hurdle requires that the growth of the aggregate of the net asset value per share and dividends paid by the Company compared with the previous accounting date exceeds RPI plus 2%. The hurdle will be calculated every year, based on the previous year’s closing net asset value per share. The starting net asset value is 84.70 pence per share, being the audited net asset value at 31 December 2018. If the target return is not achieved in a period, the cumulative shortfall is carried forward to the next accounting period and has to be made up before an incentive fee becomes payable.
As at 31 December 2023, the total return since 1 January 2019 was 111.03 pence, and the hurdle was 129.10 pence, resulting in a shortfall of 18.07 pence per share. As a result, no performance incentive fee is payable to the Manager for the year (2022: £nil).
Evaluation of the Manager
The Board has evaluated the performance of the Manager based on:
- the returns generated by the Company;
- the continuing achievement of the HMRC tests for VCT status;
- the long term prospects of the current portfolio of investments;
- the management of treasury, including use of buy-backs and participation in fund raising; and
- benchmarking the performance of the Manager to other VCT managers, and the other VCTs managed by Albion.
The Board believes that it is in the interests of shareholders as a whole, and of the Company, to continue the appointment of the Manager for the forthcoming year.
Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”)
The Board appointed the Manager as the Company’s AIFM in 2014 as required by the AIFMD. The Manager is a full-scope Alternative Investment Fund Manager under the AIFMD. Ocorian Depositary (UK) Limited is the appointed Depositary and oversees the custody and cash arrangements and provides other AIFMD duties with respect to the Company.
Consumer duty
The FCA’s Consumer Duty came into effect from 31 July 2023. These rules set a higher standard of consumer protection in financial services. The Manager as AIFM is within scope of the FCA’s Consumer Duty, but the Company itself is not.
The Manager is, for the purposes of Consumer Duty, a “manufacturer” of the Company’s shares as it is a firm that has some influence over design and distribution of the Company’s share product. The Manager’s latest assessment of value for the Company’s shares was completed in December 2023. The value assessment concluded that the Company provides fair value for shareholders. Where the Manager’s product review concludes that changes may help deliver better outcomes for consumers, it will recommend these changes to the Board.
Companies Act 2006 Section 172 Reporting
Under Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006, the Board has a duty to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole in both the long and short term, having regard to the interests of other stakeholders in the Company, such as suppliers, and to do so with an understanding of the impact on the community and environment and with high standards of business conduct, which includes acting fairly between members of the Company.
The Board is very conscious of these wider responsibilities in the ways it promotes the Company’s culture and ensures, as part of its regular oversight, that the integrity of the Company’s affairs is foremost in the way the activities are managed and promoted. This includes regular engagement with the wider stakeholders of the Company and being alert to issues that might damage the Company’s standing in the way that it operates. The Board works very closely with the Manager in reviewing how stakeholder issues are handled, ensuring good governance and responsibility in managing the Company’s affairs, as well as visibility and openness in how the affairs are conducted.
The Company is an externally managed investment company with no employees, and as such has nothing to report in relation to employee engagement but does keep close attention to how the Board operates as a cohesive and competent unit. The Company also has no customers in the traditional sense and, therefore, there is also nothing to report in relation to relationships with customers.
The table below sets out the key stakeholders. Details how the Board has engaged with these key stakeholders and the effect of these considerations on the Company’s decisions and strategies during the year.
| Stakeholder | Engagement with Stakeholder | Outcome and decisions based on engagement |
| Shareholders | The key methods of engaging with Shareholders are as follows:
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| Manager | The performance of Albion Capital Group LLP is essential to the long term success of the Company, including achieving the investment policy and generating returns to shareholders, as well as the impact the Company has on Environment, Social and Governance (“ESG”) practice. |
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| Suppliers | The key suppliers are:
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| Portfolio companies | The portfolio companies are considered key stakeholders, not least because they are principal drivers of value for the Company. Also, as discussed in the ESG report on pages 40 to 43 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements, the portfolio companies’ impact on their stakeholders is also important to the Company. |
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| Community and environment | The Company, with no employees, has no effect itself on the community and environment. However, as discussed above, the portfolio companies’ ESG impact is extremely important to the Board. |
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Social and community issues, employees and human rights
The Board recognises the requirement under section 414C of the Companies Act 2006 (the “Act”) to detail information about social and community issues, employees and human rights; including any policies it has in relation to these matters and effectiveness of these policies. As an externally managed investment company with no employees, the Company has no formal policies in these matters, however, it is at the core of its responsible investment strategy as detailed above.
Further policies
The Company has adopted a number of further policies relating to:
- Environment
- Global greenhouse gas emissions
- Anti-bribery
- Anti-facilitation of tax evasion
- Diversity
These are set out in the Directors’ report on pages 47 and 48 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements.
General Data Protection Regulation
The General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) has the objective of unifying data privacy requirements across the European Union. GDPR forms part of the UK law after Brexit, now known as UK GDPR. The Manager continues to take action to ensure that the Manager and the Company are compliant with the regulation.
Risk management
The Board carries out a regular review of the risk environment in which the Company operates, together with changes to the environment and individual risks. The Board also identifies emerging risks which might impact on the Company. In the period the most noticeable risks have been the emergence of rising interest rates and inflation, caused in part as a result of the geopolitical tensions, and pricing volatility in world markets. The full impacts of these risks are likely to continue to be uncertain for some time.
The Board has carried out a robust assessment of the Company’s principal and emerging risks and uncertainties and seeks to mitigate these risks through regular reviews of performance and monitoring progress and compliance. The Board applies the principles detailed in the Financial Reporting Council’s Guidance on Risk Management, Internal Control and Related Financial and Business Reporting, in the mitigation and management of these risks. More information on specific mitigation measures for the principal risks, emerging risks and uncertainties are explained below:
| Risk | Possible consequence | Risk assessment during the year | Risk management |
| Principal Risks | |||
| Investment, performance, technology and valuation risk | The risk of investment in poor quality businesses, which could reduce the returns to shareholders and could negatively impact on the Company’s current and future valuations. By nature, smaller unquoted businesses, such as those that qualify for Venture Capital Trust purposes, are more volatile than larger, long-established businesses. The Company’s Investment valuation methodology is reliant on the accuracy and completeness of information that is issued by portfolio companies. In particular, the Directors may not be aware of or take into account certain events or circumstances which occur after the information issued by such companies is reported. | No change during the year, but remains high due to the economic and geopolitical issues as referred to in the Chairman’s statement. | To reduce this risk, the Board places reliance upon the skills and expertise of the Manager and its track record over many years of making successful investments in this segment of the market. In addition, the Manager operates a formal and structured investment appraisal and review process, which includes an Investment Committee, comprising investment professionals from the Manager for all investments, and at least one external investment professional for investments greater than £1 million in aggregate across all the Albion managed VCTs. The Manager also invites and takes account of comments from non-executive Directors of the Company on matters discussed at the Investment Committee meetings. Investments are actively and regularly monitored by the Manager (investment managers normally sit on portfolio company boards), including the level of diversification in the portfolio, and the Board receives detailed reports on each investment as part of the Manager’s report at quarterly board meetings. The Board and Manager regularly review the deployment of investments and cash resources available to the Company in assessing liquidity required for servicing the Company’s buy-backs, dividend payments and operational expenses. The decision to issue a Prospectus for the 2023/24 Top Up was due to careful analysis of these factors. The unquoted investments held by the Company are designated at fair value through profit or loss and valued in accordance with the International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation Guidelines updated in 2022. These guidelines set out recommendations, intended to represent current best practice on the valuation of venture capital investments. The valuation takes into account all known or knowable material facts at the date of valuation. |
| VCT approval risk | The Company must comply with section 274 of the Income Tax Act 2007 which enables its investors to take advantage of tax relief on their investment and on future returns. Breach of any of the rules enabling the Company to hold VCT status could result in the loss of that status. | No change in the year. | To reduce this risk, the Board has appointed the Manager, which has a team with significant experience in Venture Capital Trust management, used to operating within the requirements of the Venture Capital Trust legislation. In addition, to provide further formal reassurance, the Board has appointed Philip Hare & Associates LLP as its taxation adviser, who report quarterly to the Board to independently confirm compliance with the Venture Capital Trust legislation, to highlight areas of risk and to inform on changes in legislation. Each investment in a new portfolio company is also pre-cleared with our professional advisers or H.M. Revenue & Customs. The Company monitors closely the extent of qualifying holdings and addresses this as required. |
| Regulatory and compliance risk | The Company is listed on The London Stock Exchange and is required to comply with the rules of the Financial Conduct Authority, as well as with the Companies Act, Accounting Standards and other legislation. Failure to comply with these regulations could result in a delisting of the Company’s shares, or other penalties under the Companies Act or from financial reporting oversight bodies. | No change in the year. | Board members and the Manager have experience of operating at senior levels within or advising quoted companies. In addition, the Board and the Manager receive regular updates on new regulation from its auditor, legal advisers and other professional bodies. The Company is subject to compliance checks through the Manager’s compliance function, and any issues arising from compliance or regulation are reported to its own board every two months. These controls are also reviewed as part of the quarterly Board meetings, and also as part of the review work undertaken by the Manager’s compliance officer. The report on controls is also evaluated by the internal auditors. The Government has announced its intention to extend the VCT sunset clause to 2035. This will help to enable the Company to continue supporting its portfolio of high growth companies. |
| Operational and internal control risk | The Company relies on a number of third parties, in particular the Manager, for the provision of investment management and administrative functions. Failures in key systems and controls within the Manager’s business could put assets of the Company at risk or result in reduced or inaccurate information being passed to the Board or to shareholders. | No change in the year. | The Company and its operations are subject to a series of rigorous internal controls and review procedures exercised throughout the year. The Board receives reports from the Manager on its internal controls and risk management. The Audit and Risk Committee reviews the Internal Audit Reports prepared by the Manager’s internal auditors, Azets and has access to their internal audit partner to whom it can ask specific detailed questions in order to satisfy itself that the Manager has strong systems and controls in place including those in relation to business continuity and cyber security, as mentioned below. Ocorian Depositary (UK) Limited is the Company’s Depositary, appointed to oversee the custody and cash arrangements and provide other AIFMD duties. The Board reviews the quarterly reports prepared by Ocorian Depositary (UK) Limited to ensure that the Manager is adhering to its policies and procedures as required by the AIFMD. In addition, the Board annually reviews the performance of its key service providers, particularly the Manager, to ensure they continue to have the necessary expertise and resources to deliver the Company’s investment objective and policy. The Manager and other service providers have also demonstrated to the Board that there is no undue reliance placed upon any one individual. |
| Cyber and data security risk | A cyber-attack on one of the Company's third party suppliers could result in the security of, potentially sensitive, data being compromised, leading to financial loss, disruption or damage to the reputation of the Company. | No change in the year. | The Manager outsources some of its IT services, including hardware and software procurement, server management, backup provision and day-to-day support through an outsourcing arrangement with an IT consultant. In house IT support is also provided. The Manager takes cyber risk seriously and the need to guard against these are in the Service level agreement with their key outsourced service provider. During the year, further investment was made in the Manager’s IT infrastructure and awareness training. In addition, the Manager also has a business continuity plan which includes off-site storage of records and remote access provisions. This is revised and tested annually and is also subject to Compliance, Group Risk and Internal Audit reporting. Penetration tests are also carried out to ensure that IT systems are not susceptible to any cyber-attacks. The Manager’s Internal Auditor performs reviews on IT general controls and data confidentiality and makes recommendations where necessary. The 2023 internal audit focused specifically on IT systems. |
| Economic, political and social risk | Changes in economic conditions, including, for example, interest rates, rates of inflation, industry conditions, competition, political and diplomatic events, and other factors could substantially and adversely affect the Company’s prospects in a number of ways. This also includes risks of social upheaval, including from infection and population re-distribution, as well as economic risk challenges as a result of healthcare pandemics/infection. | Increased in the year, due to the continued high levels of inflation and interest rates and new areas of geopolitical tensions. | The Company invests in a diversified portfolio of companies across a number of industry sectors and in addition often invests in a mixture of instruments in portfolio companies and has a policy of minimising any external bank borrowings within portfolio companies. At any given time, the Company has sufficient cash resources to meet its operating requirements, including share buy-backs and follow-on investments. In common with most commercial operations, exogenous risks over which the Company has no control are always a risk and the Company does what it can to address these risks where possible, not least as the nature of the investments the Company makes are long term. The Board and Manager are continuously assessing the resilience of the portfolio, the Company and its operations and the robustness of the Company’s external agents, as well as considering longer term impacts on how the Company might be positioned in how it invests and operates. Ensuring liquidity in the portfolio to cope with exigent and unexpected pressures on the finances of the portfolio and the Company is an important part of the risk mitigation in these uncertain times. The portfolio is structured as an all-weather portfolio with c.63 companies which are diversified as discussed above. Exposure is relatively small to at-risk sectors that include leisure, hospitality, retail and travel. |
| Liquidity risk | The Company may not have sufficient cash available to meet its financial obligations. The Company’s portfolio is primarily in smaller unquoted companies, which are inherently illiquid as there is no readily available market, and thus it may be difficult to realise their fair value at short notice. | No change in the year. | To reduce this risk, the Board reviews the Company’s three year cash flow forecasts on a quarterly basis. These include potential investment realisations (which are closely monitored by the Manager), Top Up Offers, dividend payments and operational expenditure. This ensures that there are sufficient cash resources available for the Company’s liabilities as they fall due. |
| Emerging Risks | |||
| Environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) risk | An insufficient ESG policy could lead to an increased negative impact on the environment, including the Company’s carbon footprint. Non-compliance with reporting requirements could lead to a fall in demand from investors, reputational damage and penalties. Climate risks could also negatively impact on the value of portfolio investments. | No change in the year. | The Manager is a signatory of the UN PRI and the Board is kept appraised of the evolving ESG policies at quarterly Board meetings. Full details of the specific procedures and risk mitigation can be found in the ESG report on pages 40 to 43 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements. These procedures ensure that this risk continues to be mitigated where possible. Whilst the Company itself has limited impact on climate change, due to no employees nor greenhouse gas emissions, the Board works closely with the Manager to ensure the Manager itself is working towards reducing its impact on the environment, and that the Manager takes account of ESG factors, including climate change, when making new investment decisions. With specific reference to the Company, a key operation is increasing the use of electronic communications with Shareholders. |
Viability statement
In accordance with the FRC UK Corporate Governance Code published in 2018 and provision 36 of the AIC Code of Corporate Governance, the Directors have assessed the prospects of the Company over three years to 31 December 2026. The Directors believe that three years is a reasonable period in which they can assess the ability of the Company to continue to operate and meet its liabilities as they fall due. This is the period used by the Board as part of its strategic planning process, which includes: the estimated timelines for finding, assessing and completing investments; the potential impact of any new regulations; and the availability of cash.
The Board has carried out a robust assessment of the principal and emerging risks facing the Company, including those that could threaten its business model, future performance, solvency or liquidity, and focused on the major factors which affect the economic, regulatory and political environment. The Board carefully assessed, and were satisfied with, the risk management processes in place to avoid or reduce the impact of these risks. The Board has carried out robust stress testing of cashflows which included; factoring in higher levels of inflation when budgeting for future expenses, only including proceeds from investment disposals where there is a high probability of completion, whilst also assessing the requirement for any future financial support of portfolio companies.
The Board has additionally considered the ability of the Company to comply with the ongoing conditions to ensure it maintains its VCT qualifying status under its current investment policy. As a result of the Board’s quarterly valuation reviews, it has concluded that the portfolio is well balanced and geared towards delivering long term growth and strong returns to shareholders.
The Board has concluded that there is a reasonable expectation that the Company will be able to continue in operation and meet its liabilities as they fall due over the three year period to 31 December 2026. The Board is mindful of the ongoing risks and will continue to ensure that appropriate safeguards are in place, in addition to monitoring the quarterly cashflow forecasts to ensure the Company has sufficient liquidity.
Companies Act 2006
This Strategic report of the Company for the year ended 31 December 2023 has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of section 414A of the Companies Act 2006 (the “Act”). The purpose of this report is to provide Shareholders with sufficient information to enable them to assess the extent to which the Directors have performed their duty to promote the success of the Company in accordance with Section 172 of the Act.
For and on behalf of the Board
Ben Larkin
Chairman
19 April 2024
Responsibility statement
In preparing these Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2023, the Directors of the Company, being Ben Larkin, Lyn Goleby, Lord O’Shaughnessy and Patrick Reeve, confirm that to the best of their knowledge:
- summary financial information contained in this announcement and the full Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 for the Company has been prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (UK Accounting Standards and applicable law) and give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Company; and
- the Chairman's statement and Strategic report include a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Company, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties it faces.
We consider that the Annual Report and Financial Statements, taken as a whole, are fair, balanced, and understandable and provide the information necessary for shareholders to assess the Company’s position, performance, business model and strategy.
A detailed "Statement of Directors' responsibilities” is contained on page 51 within the full audited Annual Report and Financial Statements.
On behalf of the Board
Ben Larkin
Chairman
19 April 2024
Income statement
| Year ended 31 December 2023 | Year ended 31 December 2022 | ||||||
| Revenue | Capital | Total | Revenue | Capital | Total | ||
| Note | £’000 | £’000 | £’000 | £’000 | £’000 | £’000 | |
| Net gains/(losses) on investments | 3 | - | 7,294 | 7,294 | - | (636) | (636) |
| Investment income | 4 | 1,508 | - | 1,508 | 1,194 | - | 1,194 |
| Investment Manager’s fees | 5 | (266) | (2,394) | (2,660) | (245) | (2,207) | (2,452) |
| Other expenses | 6 | (389) | - | (389) | (358) | - | (358) |
| Profit/(loss) on ordinary activities before tax | 853 | 4,900 | 5,753 | 591 | (2,843) | (2,252) | |
| Tax on ordinary activities | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Profit/(loss) and total comprehensive income attributable to shareholders | 853 | 4,900 | 5,753 | 591 | (2,843) | (2,252) | |
| Basic and diluted return/(loss) per share (pence)* | 10 | 0.63 | 3.66 | 4.29 | 0.49 | (2.36) | (1.87) |
*adjusted for treasury shares
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these Financial Statements.
The total column of this Income statement represents the profit and loss account of the Company. The supplementary revenue and capital columns have been prepared in accordance with The Association of Investment Companies’ Statement of Recommended Practice.
All gains and losses are recognised in the Income statement and all items in the above statement are derived from continuing operations.
Balance sheet
| 31 December 2023 | 31 December 2022 | ||
| Note | £’000 | £’000 | |
| Fixed asset investments | 11 | 95,266 | 86,286 |
| Current assets | |||
| Trade and other receivables | 13 | 2,745 | 2,403 |
| Cash in bank and in hand | 22,398 | 26,491 | |
| 25,143 | 28,894 | ||
| Payables: amounts falling due within one year | |||
| Trade and other payables | 14 | (776) | (722) |
| Net current assets | 24,367 | 28,172 | |
| Total assets less current liabilities | 119,633 | 114,458 | |
| Equity attributable to equity holders | |||
| Called-up share capital | 15 | 1,542 | 1,456 |
| Share premium | 34,759 | 26,837 | |
| Unrealised capital reserve | 38,631 | 32,516 | |
| Realised capital reserve | 6,817 | 8,032 | |
| Other distributable reserve | 37,884 | 45,617 | |
| Total equity shareholders’ funds | 119,633 | 114,458 | |
| Basic and diluted net asset value per share (pence)* | 16 | 88.70 | 88.65 |
* excluding treasury shares
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these Financial Statements.
These Financial Statements were approved by the Board of Directors, and authorised for issue on 19 April 2024 and were signed on its behalf by
Ben Larkin
Chairman
Company number: 03654040
Statement of changes in equity
| Called-up share capital | Share premium | Unrealised capital reserve | Realised capital reserve* | Other distributable reserve* | Total | |
| £’000 | £’000 | £’000 | £’000 | £’000 | £’000 | |
| As at 1 January 2023 | 1,456 | 26,837 | 32,516 | 8,032 | 45,617 | 114,458 |
| Profit and total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | 5,473 | (573) | 853 | 5,753 |
| Transfer of unrealised losses on disposal of investments | - | - | 642 | (642) | - | - |
| Purchase of shares for treasury | - | - | - | - | (2,480) | (2,480) |
| Issue of equity | 86 | 8,140 | - | - | - | 8,226 |
| Cost of issue of equity | - | (218) | - | - | - | (218) |
| Dividends paid | - | - | - | - | (6,106) | (6,106) |
| As at 31 December 2023 | 1,542 | 34,759 | 38,631 | 6,817 | 37,884 | 119,633 |
| As at 1 January 2022 | 1,167 | - | 36,048 | 7,344 | 53,080 | 97,639 |
| (Loss)/profit and total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | (3,258) | 415 | 591 | (2,252) |
| Transfer of unrealised gains on disposal of investments | - | - | (273) | 273 | - | - |
| Purchase of shares for treasury | - | - | - | - | (2,244) | (2,244) |
| Issue of equity | 288 | 27,509 | - | - | - | 27,797 |
| Cost of issue of equity | - | (672) | - | - | - | (672) |
| Dividends paid | - | - | - | - | (5,810) | (5,810) |
| As at 31 December 2022 | 1,456 | 26,837 | 32,516 | 8,032 | 45,617 | 114,458 |
* Included within these reserves is an amount of £18,969,000 (2022: £24,619,000) which is considered distributable. Over the next two years an additional £18,627,000 will become distributable. This is due to the HMRC requirement that the Company cannot use capital raised in the past two years to make a payment or distribution to shareholders. On 1 January 2024, £8,266,000 became distributable in line with this.
Statement of cash flows
Year ended 31 December 2023 £’000 | Year ended 31 December 2022 £’000 | |
| Cash flow from operating activities | ||
| Loan stock income received | 915 | 996 |
| Deposit interest received | 326 | 47 |
| Income from fixed term funds received | 254 | 59 |
| Dividend income received | 128 | 133 |
| Investment Manager’s fees paid | (2,596) | (4,216) |
| Other cash payments | (404) | (338) |
| Corporation tax paid | - | - |
| Net cash flow generated from operating activities | (1,377) | (3,319) |
| Cash flow from investing activities | ||
| Purchase of fixed asset investments* | (6,869) | (14,235) |
| Proceeds from disposals of fixed asset investments* | 4,734 | 7,946 |
| Net cash flow generated from investing activities | (2,135) | (6,289) |
| Cash flow from financing activities | ||
| Issue of share capital | 7,043 | 26,132 |
| Cost of issue of equity** | (39) | (36) |
| Equity dividends paid (net of Dividend Reinvestment Scheme) | (5,105) | (4,785) |
| Purchase of own shares | (2,480) | (2,244) |
| Net cash flow generated from financing activities | (581) | 19,067 |
| (Decrease)/increase in cash in bank and in hand | (4,093) | 9,459 |
| Cash in bank and in hand at start of period | 26,491 | 17,032 |
| Cash in bank and in hand at end of period | 22,398 | 26,491 |
* Purchases and disposals detailed above do not agree to note 11 due to restructuring of investments, conversion of convertible loan stock and settlement of receivables and payables.
** The cost of issue of equity does not agree to the Statement of changes in equity due to prospectus fundraising amounts being received net of fees.
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these Financial Statements.
Notes to the Financial Statements
1. Basis of preparation
The Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with applicable United Kingdom law and accounting standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 (“FRS 102”), and with the Statement of Recommended Practice “Financial Statements of Investment Trust Companies and Venture Capital Trusts” (“SORP”) issued by The Association of Investment Companies (“AIC”). The Financial Statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and further details can be found in the Directors’ report on page 45 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements.
The preparation of the Financial Statements requires management to make judgements and estimates that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The most critical estimates and judgements relate to the determination of carrying value of investments at Fair Value Through Profit and Loss (“FVTPL”) in accordance with FRS 102 sections 11 and 12. The Company values investments by following the International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation (“IPEV”) Guidelines as updated in 2022 and further detail on the valuation techniques used are outlined in note 2 below.
Company information can be found on page 4 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements.
2. Accounting policies
Fixed asset investments
The Company’s business is investing in financial assets with a view to profiting from their total return in the form of income and capital growth. This portfolio of financial assets is managed and its performance evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with a documented investment policy, and information about the portfolio is provided internally on that basis to the Board.
In accordance with the requirements of FRS 102, those undertakings in which the Company holds more than 20% of the equity as part of an investment portfolio are not accounted for using the equity method. In these circumstances the investment is measured at FVTPL.
Upon initial recognition (using trade date accounting) investments, including loan stock, are classified by the Company as FVTPL and are included at their initial fair value, which is cost (excluding expenses incidental to the acquisition which are written off to the Income statement).
Subsequently, the investments are valued at ‘fair value’, which is measured as follows:
- Investments listed on recognised exchanges are valued at their bid prices at the end of the accounting period or otherwise at fair value based on published price quotations.
- Unquoted investments, where there is not an active market, are valued using an appropriate valuation technique in accordance with the IPEV Guidelines. Indicators of fair value are derived using established methodologies including earnings multiples, revenue multiples, the level of third party offers received, cost or price of recent investment rounds, net assets, discounted cash flows and industry valuation benchmarks. Where price of recent investment is used as a starting point for estimating fair value at subsequent measurement dates, this has been benchmarked using an appropriate valuation technique permitted by the IPEV guidelines.
- In situations where cost or price of recent investment is used, consideration is given to the circumstances of the portfolio company since that date in determining fair value. This includes consideration of whether there is any evidence of deterioration or strong definable evidence of an increase in value. In the absence of these indicators, other valuation techniques are employed to conclude on the fair value as at the measurement date. Examples of events or changes that could indicate a diminution include:
- the performance and/or prospects of the underlying business are significantly below the expectations on which the investment was based; or
- a significant adverse change either in the portfolio company’s business or in the technological, market, economic, legal or regulatory environment in which the business operates; or
- market conditions have deteriorated, which may be indicated by a fall in the share prices of quoted businesses operating in the same or related sectors.
Investments are recognised as financial assets on legal completion of the investment contract and are de-recognised on legal completion of the sale of an investment.
Dividend income is not recognised as part of the fair value movement of an investment, but is recognised separately as investment income through the other distributable reserve when a share becomes ex-dividend.
Current assets and payables
Receivables (including debtors due after more than one year), payables and cash are carried at amortised cost, in accordance with FRS 102. Debtors due after more than one year meet the definition of a financing transaction held at amortised cost, and interest will be recognised through capital over the credit period using the effective interest method. There are no financial liabilities other than payables.
Investment income
Dividend income
Dividend income is included in revenue when the investment is quoted ex-dividend.
Unquoted loan stock income
Fixed returns on non-equity shares and debt securities are recognised when the Company’s right to receive payment and expect settlement is established. Where interest is rolled up and/or payable at redemption then it is recognised as income unless there is reasonable doubt as to its receipt.
Bank deposit income
Interest income is recognised on an accruals basis using the rate of interest agreed with the bank.
Fixed term funds income
Funds income is recognised on an accruals basis using the agreed rate of interest.
Investment management fee, performance incentive fee and expenses
All expenses have been accounted for on an accruals basis. Expenses are charged through the other distributable reserve except the following which are charged through the realised capital reserve:
- 90% of management fees and 100% of performance incentive fees, if any, are allocated to the realised capital reserve.
- expenses which are incidental to the purchase or disposal of an investment are charged through the realised capital reserve.
Taxation
Taxation is applied on a current basis in accordance with FRS 102. Current tax is tax payable/(refundable) in respect of the taxable profit/(tax loss) for the current period or past reporting periods using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the financial reporting date. Taxation associated with capital expenses is applied in accordance with the SORP.
Deferred tax is provided in full on all timing differences at the reporting date. Timing differences are differences between taxable profits and total comprehensive income as stated in the Financial Statements that arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in the Financial Statements. As a VCT the Company has an exemption from tax on capital gains. The Company intends to continue meeting the conditions required to obtain approval as a VCT in the foreseeable future. The Company therefore, should have no material deferred tax timing differences arising in respect of the revaluation or disposal of investments and the Company has not provided for any deferred tax.
Reserves
Called-up share capital
This accounts for the nominal value of the Company’s shares.
Share premium
This accounts for the difference between the price paid for shares and the nominal value of those shares, less issue costs and transfers to the other distributable reserve.
Unrealised capital reserve
Increases and decreases in the valuation of investments held at the year end against cost are included in this reserve.
Realised capital reserve
The following are disclosed in this reserve:
- gains and losses compared to cost on the realisation of investments, or permanent diminutions in value (including gains recognised on the realisation of investment where consideration is deferred that are not distributable as a matter of law);
- finance income in respect of the unwinding of the discount on deferred consideration that is not distributable as a matter of law;
- expenses, together with the related taxation effect, charged in accordance with the above policies; and
- dividends paid to equity holders where paid out by capital.
Other distributable reserve
The special reserve, treasury share reserve and the revenue reserve were combined in 2012 to form a single reserve named other distributable reserve.
This reserve accounts for movements from the revenue column of the Income statement, the payment of dividends, the buy-back of shares, transfers from the share premium and capital redemption reserve, and other non-capital realised movements.
Dividends
Dividends by the Company are accounted for when the liability to make the payment (record date) has been established.
Unclaimed dividends older than a period of twelve years from the dividend declaration date are forfeited and returned to the Company in accordance with the terms of the Articles of Association.
Segmental reporting
The Directors are of the opinion that the Company is engaged in a single operating segment of business, being investment in smaller companies principally based in the UK.
3. Net gains/(losses) on investments
| Year ended 31 December 2023 £’000 | Year ended 31 December 2022 £’000 | |
| Unrealised gains/(losses) on fixed asset investments | 5,473 | (3,258) |
| Realised gains on fixed asset investments | 1,471 | 2,322 |
| Unwinding of discount on deferred consideration | 350 | 300 |
| 7,294 | (636) |
4. Investment income
| Year ended 31 December 2023 £’000 | Year ended 31 December 2022 £’000 | |
| Loan stock interest | 839 | 916 |
| Bank deposit interest | 326 | 47 |
| Income from fixed term funds | 254 | 59 |
| Dividend income | 89 | 172 |
| 1,508 | 1,194 |
5. Investment Manager’s fees
| Year ended 31 December 2023 £’000 | Year ended 31 December 2022 £’000 | |
| Investment management fee charged to revenue | 266 | 245 |
| Investment management fee charged to capital | 2,394 | 2,207 |
| 2,660 | 2,452 |
Further details of the Management agreement under which the investment management fee and performance incentive fee are paid are given in the Strategic report.
During the year, services of a total value of £2,660,000 (2022: £2,452,000) were purchased by the Company from Albion Capital Group LLP (“Albion”) in respect of management fees. There is no performance incentive fee payable in the year (2022: £nil). At the financial year end, the amount due to Albion in respect of these services disclosed as accruals was £667,000 (2022: £618,000). The total annual running costs of the Company are capped at an amount equal to 2.5% of the Company’s net assets, with any excess being met by Albion by way of a reduction in management fees. During the year, the management fee was reduced by £57,000 as a result of this cap (2022: £41,000).
During the year, the Company was not charged by Albion in respect of Patrick Reeve’s services as a Director (2022: £nil).
Albion, its partners and staff (including Patrick Reeve) held 1,169,832 Ordinary shares in the Company as at 31 December 2023.
Albion is, from time-to-time, eligible to receive arrangement fees and monitoring fees from portfolio companies. During the year ended 31 December 2023, fees of £153,000 attributable to the investments of the Company were received by Albion pursuant to these arrangements (2022: £257,000).
The Company has entered into an offer agreement relating to the Offers with the Company’s investment manager Albion, pursuant to which Albion received a fee of 2.5% of the gross proceeds of the 2022/23 Offer, and will receive a fee of 3.0% of the 2023/24 Offer and out of which Albion will pay the costs of the Offers, as ailed in the Prospectus.
6. Other expenses
| Year ended 31 December 2023 £’000 | Year ended 31 December 2022 £’000 | |
| Directors’ fees (including NIC) | 84 | 84 |
| Auditor’s remuneration for statutory audit services (excluding VAT) | 53 | 48 |
| Other administrative expenses | 252 | 226 |
| 389 | 358 |
7. Directors’ fees
The amounts paid to and on behalf of the Directors during the year are as follows:
| Year ended 31 December 2023 £’000 | Year ended 31 December 2022 £’000 | |
| Directors’ fees | 77 | 77 |
| National insurance | 7 | 7 |
| 84 | 84 |
The Company’s key management personnel are the non-executive Directors. Further information regarding Directors’ remuneration can be found in the Directors’ remuneration report on pages 59 to 62 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements.
8. Tax on ordinary activities
| Year ended 31 December 2023 £’000 | Year ended 31 December 2022 £’000 | |
| UK corporation tax charge in respect of current year | - | - |
| Factors affecting the tax charge: | Year ended 31 December 2023 £’000 | Year ended 31 December 2022 £’000 |
| Profit/(loss) on ordinary activities before taxation | 5,753 | (2,252) |
| Tax charge on profit at the average companies rate of 23.5% (2022: 19%) | 1,352 | (428) |
| Factors affecting the charge: | ||
| Non-taxable gains/(losses) | (1,714) | 121 |
| Income not taxable | (21) | (33) |
| Excess management expenses carried forward | 383 | 340 |
| - | - |
The tax charge for the year shown in the Income statement is lower than the average companies rate of corporation tax in the UK of 23.5% (2022: 19%). The differences are explained above. From April 2023, the Company’s rate of corporation tax increased in the UK from 19% to 25%, therefore the average rate is 23.5% for the year ended 31 December 2023.
Notes
(i) Venture Capital Trusts are not subject to corporation tax on capital gains.
(ii) Tax relief on expenses charged to capital has been determined by allocating tax relief to expenses by reference to the applicable corporation tax rate and allocating the relief between revenue and capital in accordance with the SORP.
(iii) The Company has excess management expenses of £10,444,000 (2022: £8,814,000) that are available for offset against future profits. A deferred tax asset of £2,611,000 (2022: £2,204,000) has not been recognised in respect of these losses as they will be recoverable only to the extent that the Company has sufficient future taxable profits.
9. Dividends
| Year ended 31 December 2023 | Year ended 31 December 2022 | |
| £’000 | £’000 | |
| First dividend of 2.22p per share paid on 31 May 2023 (31 May 2022: 2.37p per share) | 3,012 | 2,925 |
| Second dividend of 2.29p per share paid on 29 September 2023 (30 September 2022: 2.34p per share) | 3,105 | 2,892 |
| Unclaimed dividends | (11) | (7) |
| 6,106 | 5,810 |
Details of the consideration issued under the Dividend Reinvestment Scheme included in the dividends above can be found in note 15.
In addition to the dividends summarised above, the Board has declared a first dividend of 2.22 pence per share for the year ending 31 December 2024, payable on 31 May 2024 to shareholders on the register on 3 May 2024. The total dividend will be approximately £3,336,000.
10. Basic and diluted return per share
| Year ended 31 December 2023 | Year ended 31 December 2022 | |||||
| Revenue | Capital | Total | Revenue | Capital | Total | |
| Profit/(loss) attributable to equity shares (£’000) | 853 | 4,900 | 5,753 | 591 | (2,843) | (2,252) |
| Weighted average shares in issue (adjusted for treasury shares) | 134,013,069 | 120,150,815 | ||||
| Return/(loss) attributable per equity share (pence) | 0.63 | 3.66 | 4.29 | 0.49 | (2.36) | (1.87) |
The weighted average number of Ordinary shares is calculated after adjusting for treasury shares of 19,309,045 (2022: 16,468,548).
There are no convertible instruments, derivatives or contingent share agreements in issue so basic and diluted return per share are the same.
11. Fixed asset investments
| Investments held at fair value through profit or loss | 31 December 2023 £’000 | 31 December 2022 £’000 |
| Unquoted equity and preference shares | 82,022 | 70,536 |
| Unquoted loan stock | 13,064 | 15,194 |
| Quoted equity | 180 | 556 |
| 95,266 | 86,286 |
| 31 December 2023 £’000 | 31 December 2022 £’000 | |
| Opening valuation | 86,286 | 80,500 |
| Purchases at cost | 7,377 | 14,917 |
| Disposal proceeds | (5,615) | (8,114) |
| Realised gains | 1,821 | 2,322 |
| Movement in loan stock accrued income | (76) | (80) |
| Unrealised gains/(losses) | 5,473 | (3,258) |
| Closing valuation | 95,266 | 86,286 |
| Movement in loan stock accrued income | ||
| Opening accumulated loan stock accrued income | 260 | 340 |
| Movement in loan stock accrued income | (76) | (80) |
| Closing accumulated loan stock accrued income | 184 | 260 |
| Movement in unrealised gains | ||
| Opening accumulated unrealised gains | 32,341 | 35,871 |
| Transfer of previously unrealised gains/(losses) to realised reserve on disposal of investments | 642 | (273) |
| Movement in unrealised gains/(losses) | 5,473 | (3,258) |
| Closing accumulated unrealised gains | 38,456 | 32,341 |
| Historic cost basis | ||
| Opening book cost | 53,684 | 44,288 |
| Purchases at cost | 7,377 | 14,917 |
| Sales at cost | (4,436) | (5,520) |
| Closing book cost | 56,625 | 53,684 |
Purchases and disposals detailed above do not agree to the Statement of cash flows due to restructuring of investments, conversion of convertible loan stock and settlement of receivables and payables.
Loan stock accrued income above, represents only the loan stock interest which has been recognised as revenue on the basis that it is expected to be received in accordance with the accounting policy in note 1. Where loan stock interest does not meet the note 1 recognition criteria for investment income, it forms part of the investment valuation where this is supported by the overall valuation of the portfolio company, and is included within the unrealised gains and losses on investments.
Fixed asset investments are valued at fair value in accordance with the IPEV guidelines as follows:
| Valuation methodology | 31 December 2023 £’000 | 31 December 2022 £’000 |
| Cost and price of recent investment (calibrated and reviewed for impairment) | 48,957 | 46,204 |
| Revenue multiple | 29,993 | 23,084 |
| Discounted cash flow – Supported by third party valuation | 8,000 | 8,632 |
| Earnings multiple | 6,162 | 2,840 |
| Earnings multiple – Supported by third party valuation | 964 | 3,962 |
| Net assets | 959 | 998 |
| Bid price | 180 | 556 |
| Discounted offer price | 51 | 10 |
| 95,266 | 86,286 |
When using the cost or price of recent investment in the valuations, the Company looks to re-calibrate this price at each valuation point by reviewing progress within the investment, comparing against the initial investment thesis, assessing if there are any significant events or milestones that would indicate the value of the investment has changed and considering whether a market-based methodology (i.e. using multiples from comparable public companies) or a discounted cashflow forecast would be more appropriate. The background to the transaction is also considered when the price of investment may not be an appropriate measure of fair value, for example, disproportionate dilution of existing investors from a new investor coming on board or the market conditions at the time of investment no longer being a true reflection of fair value.
The main inputs into the calibration exercise, and for the valuation models using multiples, are revenue, EBITDA and P/E multiples (based on the most recent revenue, EBITDA or earnings achieved and equivalent corresponding revenue, EBITDA or earnings multiples of comparable companies), quality of earnings assessments and comparability difference adjustments. Revenue multiples are often used, rather than EBITDA or earnings, due to the nature of the Company’s investments, being in growth and technology companies which are not normally expected to achieve profitability or scale for a number of years. Where an investment has achieved scale and profitability the Company would normally then expect to switch to using an EBITDA or earnings multiple methodology.
In the calibration exercise and in determining the valuation for the Company’s equity instruments, comparable trading multiples are used. In accordance with the Company’s policy, appropriate comparable companies based on industry, size, developmental stage, revenue generation and strategy are determined and a trading multiple for each comparable company identified is then calculated. The multiple is calculated by dividing the enterprise value of the comparable group by its revenue, EBITDA or earnings. The trading multiple is then adjusted for considerations such as illiquidity, marketability and other differences, advantages and disadvantages between the portfolio company and the comparable public companies based on company specific facts and circumstances.
As part of the valuation process, the majority of the asset backed businesses also have an annual external third party valuation done to support the investment managers valuations. The third party valuers are experts in their fields, and have access to many similar business transactions in those speciality areas, and form part of the Manager’s fair value assessment
Fair value investments had the following movements between valuation methodologies between 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2023:
| Change in valuation methodology (2022 to 2023) | Value as at 31 December 2023 £’000 | Explanatory note |
| Cost and price of recent investment (reviewed for impairment or calibration) to revenue multiple | 6,392 | Revenue multiple more relevant based on current trading |
| Revenue multiple to cost and price of recent investment (reviewed for impairment or calibration) | 1,030 | Recent funding round |
| Cost and price of recent investment (reviewed for impairment or calibration) to discounted offer price | 51 | Third party offer received |
The valuation will be the most appropriate valuation methodology for an investment within its market, with regard to the financial health of the investment and the IPEV Guidelines. The Directors believe that, within these parameters, these are the most appropriate methods of valuation as at 31 December 2023.
FRS 102 and the SORP requires the Company to disclose the inputs to the valuation methods applied to its investments measured at FVTPL in a fair value hierarchy. The table below sets out fair value hierarchy definitions using FRS 102 s.11.27.
| Fair value hierarchy | Definition |
| Level 1 | Unadjusted quoted prices in an active market |
| Level 2 | Inputs to valuations are from observable sources and are directly or indirectly derived from prices |
| Level 3 | Inputs to valuations not based on observable market data |
Quoted investments are valued according to Level 1 valuation methods (Arecor Therapeutics PLC shown on page 28 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements). Unquoted equity, preference shares and loan stock are all valued according to Level 3 valuation methods.
Investments held at fair value through profit or loss (Level 3) had the following movements:
| 31 December 2023 £’000 | 31 December 2022 £’000 | |
| Opening balance | 85,730 | 79,309 |
| Additions | 7,377 | 14,917 |
| Disposals | (5,310) | (7,906) |
| Accrued loan stock interest | (76) | (80) |
| Realised gains | 1,837 | 2,399 |
| Unrealised gains/(losses) | 5,528 | (2,908) |
| Closing balance | 95,086 | 85,730 |
The Directors are required to consider the impact of changing one or more of the inputs used as part of the valuation process to reasonable possible alternative assumptions. 65% of the portfolio of investments, consisting of equity and loan stock, is based on recent investment price, discounted offer price, net assets and cost and therefore is not sensitised. For the remainder of the portfolio, the Board has considered the reasonable possible alternative input assumptions on the valuation of the portfolio and believes that changes to inputs (by adjusting the earnings and revenue multiples) could lead to a change in the fair value of the portfolio. The Board has reviewed the Manager’s adjusted inputs for a number of the largest portfolio companies (by value) which covers 24% of the portfolio, as shown in the table below. This has resulted in a total coverage of 89% of the portfolio of investments. The main inputs considered for each type of valuation is as follows:
| Valuation technique | Portfolio company sector | Input | Base Case* | Change in input | Change in fair value of investments (£’000) | Change in NAV (pence per share) |
| Revenue multiple | Software & other technology | Revenue multiple | 4.5x | +0.5x | 1,175 | 0.87 |
| -0.5x | (1,175) | (0.87) | ||||
| Revenue multiple | Healthcare (including digital healthcare) | Revenue multiple | 5.2x | +0.5x | 716 | 0.53 |
| -0.5x | (716) | (0.53) | ||||
| Net Assets supported by Third Party Value – Earnings multiple | Other (including education) | Earnings multiple | 15.9x | +1.6x | 264 | 0.20 |
| -1.6x | (264) | (0.20) |
*As detailed in the accounting policies, the base case is based on market comparables, discounted where appropriate for marketability, in accordance with the IPEV guidelines.
The impact of these changes could result in an overall increase in the valuation of the equity investments by £2,155,000 (1.8%) or a decrease in the valuation of equity investments by £2,155,000 (1.8%).
12. Significant interests
The principal activity of the Company is to select and hold a portfolio of investments in unquoted securities. Although the Company, through the Manager, will, in some cases, be represented on the board of the portfolio company, it will not take a controlling interest or become involved in the management of a portfolio company. The size and structure of the companies with unquoted securities may result in certain holdings in the portfolio representing a participating interest without there being any partnership, joint venture or management consortium agreement.
The Company has no interests of greater than 20% of the nominal value of any class of the allotted shares in the portfolio companies as at 31 December 2023.
13. Current assets
| Trade and other receivables | 31 December 2023 £’000 | 31 December 2022 £’000 |
| Prepayments and accrued income | 33 | 30 |
| Other receivables | 265 | 142 |
| Deferred consideration under one year | 2,447 | 134 |
| Deferred consideration over one year | - | 2,097 |
| 2,745 | 2,403 |
The deferred consideration under one year relates to the sale of G.Network Communications Limited in December 2020. These proceeds were received in January 2024.
The Directors consider that the carrying amount of receivables is not materially different to their fair value.
14. Payables: amounts falling due within one year
| 31 December 2023 £’000 | 31 December 2022 £’000 | |
| Accruals and deferred income | 747 | 722 |
| Trade payables | 29 | - |
| 776 | 722 |
The Directors consider that the carrying amount of payables is not materially different to their fair value.
15. Called-up share capital
| Allotted, called-up and fully paid shares: | £’000 |
| 145,582,300 Ordinary shares of 1 penny each at 31 December 2022 | 1,456 |
| 8,596,442 Ordinary shares of 1 penny each issued during the year | 86 |
| 154,178,742 Ordinary shares of 1 penny each at 31 December 2023 | 1,542 |
| 16,468,548 Ordinary shares of 1 penny each held in treasury at 31 December 2022 | (165) |
| 2,840,497 Ordinary shares of 1 penny each purchased during the year to be held in treasury | (28) |
| 19,309,045 Ordinary shares of 1 penny each held in treasury at 31 December 2023 | (193) |
| Voting rights of 134,869,697 Ordinary shares of 1 penny each at 31 December 2023 | 1,349 |
The Company purchased 2,840,497 shares (2022: 2,522,073) to be held in treasury at a nominal value of £28,405 and a cost of £2,480,000 (2022: £2,244,000) representing 1.8% of the shares in issue on 31 December 2023, leading to a balance of 19,309,045 shares (2022: 16,468,548) in treasury representing 12.5% of the shares in issue on 31 December 2023.
Under the terms of the Dividend Reinvestment Scheme, the following new Ordinary shares of nominal value 1 penny each were allotted during the year:
Date of allotment | Number of shares allotted | Aggregate nominal value of shares (£’000) | Issue price (pence per share) | Net invested (£’000) | Opening market price on allotment date (pence per share) |
| 31 May 2023 | 536,739 | 5 | 92.70 | 478 | 88.50 |
| 29 September 2023 | 567,025 | 6 | 89.46 | 488 | 85.00 |
| 1,103,764 | 966 |
Under the terms of the Albion VCTs Prospectus Top Up Offers 2022/23, the following new Ordinary shares of nominal value 1 penny each, were allotted during the year:
| Date of allotment | Number of shares allotted | Aggregate nominal value of shares (£’000) | Issue price (pence per share) | Net consideration received (£’000) | Opening market price on allotment date (pence per share) |
| 31 March 2023 | 7,134,319 | 71 | 96.40 | 6,706 | 89.50 |
| 14 April 2023 | 98,702 | 1 | 95.40 | 93 | 89.50 |
| 14 April 2023 | 26,068 | - | 95.90 | 24 | 89.50 |
| 14 April 2023 | 233,589 | 2 | 96.40 | 220 | 89.50 |
| 7,492,678 | 7,043 |
In addition to the allotments in the table above, there was also an allotment in December 2022 which forms the total of the 2022/23 Top Up Offer of £13.0 million.
16. Basic and diluted net asset value per share
| 31 December 2023 (pence per share) | 31 December 2022 (pence per share) | ||
| Basic and diluted net asset value per share | 88.70 | 88.65 |
The basic and diluted net asset values per share at the year end are calculated in accordance with the Articles of Association and are based upon total shares in issue (adjusting for treasury shares) of 134,869,697 Ordinary shares as at 31 December 2023 (2022: 129,113,752).
17. Capital and financial instruments risk management
The Company’s capital comprises Ordinary shares as described in note 15. The Company is permitted to buy back its own shares for cancellation or treasury purposes.
The Company’s financial instruments comprise equity and loan stock investments in quoted and unquoted companies, cash balances and liquid cash instruments and short term receivables and payables which arise from its operations. The main purpose of these financial instruments is to generate cashflow and revenue and capital appreciation for the Company’s operations. The Company has no gearing or other financial liabilities apart from short term payables. The Company does not use any derivatives for the management of its Balance sheet.
The principal financial instrument risks arising from the Company’s operations are:
- Market and investment risk (which comprises investment price and cash flow interest rate risk);
- credit risk; and
- liquidity risk.
The Board regularly reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks. There have been no changes in the nature of the risks that the Company has faced during the past year and there have been no changes in the objectives, policies or processes for managing risks during the past year. The key risks are summarised below.
Market risk
As a Venture Capital Trust, it is the Company’s specific nature to evaluate the market risk of its portfolio in unquoted companies. Market risk is the exposure of the Company to the revaluation and devaluation of investments as a result of macroeconomic changes. The main driver of market risk is the dynamics of market quoted comparators, as well as the financial and operational performance of portfolio companies. The Board seeks to reduce this risk by having a spread of investments across a variety of sectors. More details on the sectors the Company invests in can be found in the pie chart at the end of this announcement.
The Manager and the Board formally review market risk, both at the time of initial investment and at quarterly Board meetings.
The Board monitors the prices at which sales of investments are made to ensure that profits to the Company are maximised, and that valuations of investments retained within the portfolio appear realistic compared to prices being achieved in the market for sales of unquoted investments.
Under FRS 102 the Board is required to illustrate by way of a sensitivity analysis the extent to which the assets are exposed to market risk. In order to show the impact of sensitivity in market movements on the Company, a 10% increase or decrease in the valuation of the fixed asset investment portfolio (keeping all other variables constant) would increase or decrease the net asset value and return for the year by £9,527,000. Accordingly, a 20% increase or decrease in the valuation of the fixed asset investment portfolio (keeping all other variables constant) would increase or decrease the net asset value and return for the year by £19,053,000. Further sensitivity analysis on fixed asset investments is included in note 11.
Investment risk (including investment price risk)
Investment risk (including investment price risk) is the risk that the fair value of future investment cash flows will fluctuate due to factors specific to an investment instrument or to a market in similar instruments. The management of risk within the venture capital portfolio is addressed through careful investment selection, by diversification across different industry segments, by maintaining a wide spread of holdings in terms of financing stage and by limitation of the size of individual holdings. The Manager receives management accounts from portfolio companies and members of the investment management team often sit on the boards of unquoted portfolio companies; this enables the close identification, monitoring and management of investment risk. The Directors monitor the Manager’s compliance with the investment policy, review and agree policies for managing this risk and monitor the overall level of risk on the investment portfolio on a regular basis.
Valuations are based on the most appropriate valuation methodology for an investment within its market, with regard to the financial health of the investment and the IPEV Guidelines. Details of the industries in which investments have been made are contained in the pie chart at the end of this announcement.
The maximum investment risk as at the Balance sheet date is the value of the fixed asset investment portfolio which is £95,266,000 (2022: £86,286,000). Fixed asset investments form 80% of net asset value as at 31 December 2023 (2022: 75%).
More details regarding the classification of fixed asset investments are shown in note 11.
Interest rate risk
It is the Company’s policy to accept a degree of interest rate risk on its financial assets through the effect of interest rate changes. On the basis of the Company’s analysis, it is estimated that a rise of 1% in all interest rates would have increased total return before tax for the year by approximately £244,000 (2022: £218,000). Furthermore, it was considered that a material fall in interest rates below current levels during the year would have been unlikely.
The weighted average effective interest rate applied to the Company’s fixed rate assets during the year was approximately 8.8% (2022: 6.4%). The weighted average period to maturity for the fixed rate assets is approximately 4.1 years (2022: 4.4 years).
The Company’s financial assets and liabilities, all denominated in pounds sterling, consist of the following:
| 31 December 2023 | 31 December 2022 | |||||||
| Fixed rate £’000 | Floating rate £’000 | Non-interest bearing £’000 | Total £’000 | Fixed rate £’000 | Floating rate £’000 | Non-interest bearing £’000 | Total £’000 | |
| Unquoted equity | - | - | 82,022 | 82,022 | - | - | 70,536 | 70,536 |
| Quoted equity | - | - | 180 | 180 | - | - | 556 | 556 |
| Unquoted loan stock | 11,091 | 153 | 1,820 | 13,064 | 14,261 | 175 | 758 | 15,194 |
| Receivables* | - | - | 2,713 | 2,713 | - | - | 2,373 | 2,373 |
| Current liabilities | - | - | (776) | (776) | - | - | (722) | (722) |
| Cash | 9,313 | 13,085 | - | 22,398 | - | 26,491 | - | 26,491 |
| Total | 20,404 | 13,238 | 85,959 | 119,601 | 14,261 | 26,666 | 73,501 | 114,428 |
\* The receivables do not reconcile to the Balance sheet as prepayments are not included in the above table.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation or commitment that it has entered into with the Company. The Company is exposed to credit risk through its receivables, investment in unquoted loan stock and through the holding of cash on deposit with banks.
The Manager evaluates credit risk on loan stock and other similar instruments prior to investment, and as part of its ongoing monitoring of investments. In doing this, it takes into account the extent and quality of any security held. For loan stock investments made prior to 6 April 2018, which account for 81% of loan stock value, typically loan stock instruments have a fixed or floating charge, which may or may not be subordinated, over the assets of the portfolio company in order to mitigate the gross credit risk.
The Manager receives management accounts from portfolio companies, and members of the investment management team often sit on the boards of unquoted portfolio companies; this enables the close identification, monitoring and management of investment specific credit risk.
The Manager and the Board formally review credit risk (including receivables) and other risks, both at the time of initial investment and at quarterly Board meetings.
The Company’s total gross credit risk at 31 December 2023 was limited to £13,064,000 (2022: £15,194,000) of unquoted loan stock instruments, £22,398,000 (2022: £26,491,000) of cash deposits with banks and £2,745,000 (2022: £2,373,000) of other receivables.
At the Balance sheet date, cash in bank and in hand held by the Company were held with Lloyds Bank plc, Scottish Widows Bank plc (part of Lloyds Banking Group), Barclays Bank plc, Bank of Montreal and National Westminster Bank plc. Credit risk on cash transactions is mitigated by transacting with counterparties that are regulated entities subject to regulatory supervision, with high credit ratings assigned by international credit-rating agencies.
The Company has an informal policy of limiting counterparty banking exposure to a maximum of 20% of net asset value for any one counterparty.
The credit profile of unquoted loan stock is described under liquidity risk.
Liquidity risk
Liquid assets are held as cash on current account, deposit or short term money market accounts or similar instruments. Under the terms of its Articles, the Company has the ability to borrow up to 10% of its adjusted capital and reserves of the latest published audited Balance sheet, which amounts to £11,630,000 as at 31 December 2023 (2022: £11,143,000).
The Company had no committed borrowing facilities as at 31 December 2023 (2022: nil) and the Company had cash balances of £22,398,000 (2022: £26,491,000). The main cash outflows are for new investments, buy-back of shares and dividend payments, which are within the control of the Company. The Manager formally reviews the cash requirements of the Company on a monthly basis, and the Board on a quarterly basis, as part of its review of management accounts and forecasts. All of the Company’s financial liabilities are short term in nature and total £776,000 (2022: £722,000).
The carrying value of loan stock investments, analysed by expected maturity dates is as follows:
| 31 December 2023 | 31 December 2022 | |||||||
| Redemption date | Fully performing £’000 | Valued below cost £’000 | Past due £’000 | Total £’000 | Fully performing £’000 | Valued below cost £’000 | Past due £’000 | Total £’000 |
| Less than one year | 6,811 | - | 814 | 7,625 | 5,643 | - | 1,612 | 7,255 |
| 1-2 years | 84 | - | - | 84 | 297 | - | 76 | 373 |
| 2-3 years | 185 | - | - | 185 | 105 | - | - | 105 |
| 3-5 years | 992 | - | - | 992 | 2,629 | - | 123 | 2,752 |
| 5 + years | 4,060 | - | 118 | 4,178 | 4,709 | - | - | 4,709 |
| Total | 12,132 | - | 932 | 13,064 | 13,383 | - | 1,811 | 15,194 |
Loan stock can be past due as a result of interest or capital not being paid in accordance with contractual terms.
The cost of loan stock investments valued below cost is £nil (2022: £29,000).
The Company does not hold any assets as the result of the enforcement of security during the period and believes that the carrying values for both those valued below cost and past due assets are covered by the value of security held for these loan stock investments.
In view of the availability of adequate cash balances and the repayment profile of loan stock investments, the Board considers that the Company is subject to low liquidity risk.
Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities
All the Company’s financial assets and liabilities as at 31 December 2023 are stated at fair value as determined by the Directors, with the exception of receivables, payables and cash which are carried at amortised cost. There are no financial liabilities other than payables. The Company’s financial liabilities are all non-interest bearing. It is the Directors’ opinion that the book value of the financial liabilities is not materially different to the fair value and all are payable within one year.
18. Contingencies and commitments
The Company had no financial commitments in respect of investments at 31 December 2023 (2022: £nil).
There are no contingencies or guarantees of the Company as at 31 December 2023 (2022: £nil).
19. Post balance sheet events
Since the year end, the Company has had the following material post balance sheet events:
- Deferred consideration proceeds of £2.4 million was received by G.Network Communications;
- On 12 March 2024, a NAV update was announced with a 2.84 pence per share uplift, representing a 3.2% increase on the 31 December 2023 NAV. This uplift is a result of terms being agreed for the sale of a company within the portfolio, however there is no certainty that this deal will complete. This was not known at 31 December 2023 and therefore this is a non adjusting post balance sheet event;
- Investments totalling £3.1 million in one new and five existing portfolio companies; and
- The Company issued the following new Ordinary shares of nominal value 1 penny each under the Albion VCTs’ Prospectus Top Up Offers 2023/24:
| Date of allotment | Number of shares allotted | Aggregate nominal value of shares (£’000) | Issue price (pence per share) | Net consideration received (£’000) | Opening market price on allotment date (pence per share) |
| 22 March 2024 | 1,922,293 | 19 | 93.41 | 1,760 | 87.00 |
| 22 March 2024 | 371,463 | 4 | 93.89 | 340 | 87.00 |
| 22 March 2024 | 12,701,513 | 127 | 94.38 | 11,628 | 87.00 |
| 16 April 2024 | 101,424 | 1 | 93.41 | 93 | 87.00 |
| 16 April 2024 | 15,975 | - | 93.89 | 15 | 87.00 |
| 16 April 2024 | 272,637 | 3 | 94.38 | 250 | 87.00 |
| 15,385,305 | 14,086 |
20. Related party transactions
Other than transactions with the Manager as disclosed in note 5, and the Directors’ remuneration disclosed in the Directors’ remuneration report on pages 59 to 62 of the full Annual Report and Financial Statements, there are no other related party transactions or balances requiring disclosure.
21. Other Information
The information set out in this announcement does not constitute the Company's statutory accounts within the terms of section 434 of the Companies Act 2006 for the years ended 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022, and is derived from the statutory accounts for those financial years, which have been, or in the case of the accounts for the year ended 31 December 2023, which will be, delivered to the Registrar of Companies. The Auditor reported on those accounts; the reports were unqualified and did not contain a statement under s498 (2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006.
22. Publication
The full audited Annual Report and Financial Statements are being sent to shareholders and copies will be made available to the public at the registered office of the Company, Companies House, the National Storage Mechanism and also electronically at www.albion.capital/funds/AADV/31Dec2023.pdf.
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