28 April 2025
East Star Resources Plc
("East Star" or the "Company")
Outstanding Historical Polymetallic Drill Results at Rulikha Deposit
Priority 2025 drill target shown to have thick, high-grade intervals proximal to geophysical anomalies
East Star Resources Plc (LSE:EST), which is exploring for copper and gold in Kazakhstan, is pleased to announce that it has begun the digitisation process of historical data from the Rulikha Deposit, reported as 14.3Mt @ 1.2% Cu, 3.5% Zn, 0.28 g/t Au, and 13.5 g/t Ag.
The historical reports demonstrate outstanding grades, including an 81.2m ore grade interval, within East Star's currently awarded licence area and proximal to a distinct electromagnetic anomaly and three Induced Polarisation ("IP") anomalies to the north and northeast of these intersections.
Highlights:
· DH_353 64.3m @ 2.7% Cu from 22.9m and 16.9m @ 1.25% Cu from 87.2m (for an 81.2m interval)
· DH_356 12.1m @ 12.1m at 10.5% Zn and 4.9% Cu, 0.44g/t Au and 17.2g/t Ag from 34.3m
· DH_319 12.3m @ 6.1% Zn and 0.4% Cu from 112.1m
· DH_34A 7.0m @ 6.1% Zn from 475.8m
Alex Walker, East Star CEO, commented:
"These outstanding results showing thick, high-grade intervals, bode well for these high impact Rulikha targets and I am very much looking forward to getting the drill rig turning on these targets this summer. Our team's incredible efforts over the winter break, finding and digitising this historical data to prepare for our 2025 geophysics and drilling programme, has been remarkable.
We have also developed an exceptional relationship with the District of Shemonaikha, the municipality where Rulikha and Verkhuba are situated, over the last four years and are very excited to continue to grow that relationship and find more resources to prolong the regional mining operations which have been going since 1749. I could not be prouder of our team and more excited about the opportunities in front of us in 2025 and the geological opportunities like this which Kazakhstan has to offer."
Figure 1 Location of drill holes on East Star's awarded exploration licence showing the IP and EM anomalies
Notwithstanding the potentially economic nature of these drill results, the geological knowledge gained from the digitisation process continues to reinforce the geophysical anomalies, discussed in the announcement dated 24 April 2025. An infill IP survey is currently underway over these target areas with the Talovskoye survey complete and initial interpretation underway, and the survey over the eastern extension of the Rulikha prospect expected to finish by next week. The results of these surveys will inform the priority of the drilling programme in 2025 and East Star plans to drill test these geophysical anomalies this year.
Once the IP programme in the East Region is completed, the contractors will relocate to the Snowy epithermal gold anomaly to complete 4 x 1.6km IP lines at 200m spacing over the main pyrophyllite alteration and gold and silver anomaly to test for chargeability and resistivity anomalies resembling an epithermal sulphide gold target or porphyry system.
Further Information
History of the Rulikha Deposit
The Rulikha Deposit and geophysical targets are situated about 33km northwest from East Star's 100% owned Verkhuba Deposit (JORC MRE of 20.3Mt @ 1.16% copper, 1.54% zinc and 0.27% lead). Located within the Rulikhinsko-Vydrikhinskoe ore field in the Shemonaikha district of East Kazakhstan, is a volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) polymetallic deposit primarily explored for zinc, copper and lead. The deposit was part of a broader geological exploration effort in the region, conducted by the East Kazakhstan Geological Exploration Expedition under the Ministry of Geology of the USSR and later the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Exploration of the Rulikha Deposit began in the mid-20th century, with significant archival references to work conducted from the 1940s to the 1980s, followed by detailed prospecting from 1989-1992:
· 1940 - 1950s: Early prospecting by the Shemonaikha Party of the Altai identified polymetallic mineralisation. A consolidated report in 1957 (Utrobin et al.) calculated reserves for the Rulikhinskoye (Rulikha) deposit.
· 1960s-1970s: Geological and geophysical work by the Shemonaikha Geological Reconnaissance Party (GRP) and Priirtyshskaya Party refined the geological structure and mineral potential. The 1979 report by Abdulmenov and Golubtsov focused on the Buzanikhinsky area, adjacent to Rulikha.
· 1978-1983: Detailed prospecting by the Minsk and Ubin GRPs of the Shemonaikha GRE targeted the Rulikhinsko-Vydrikhinsky and Talovsko-Rulevsky areas, further delineating mineralisation.
· 1989-1992: The focus of the provided report, conducted under Geological Task No. 1, involved deep drilling to assess the ore-bearing potential of deep horizons (up to 1000-1200 m). Work was halted in January 1991 due to overlapping exploration by the Altai Geological-Geophysical Expedition but resumed for report preparation in 1992.
The 1989-1992 exploration programme included significant drilling and sampling efforts:
· Total Drilling - 6,785 linear metres of core drilling across 12 exploration boreholes. Drilling grid for Rulikha Deposit: 200 x 100 m for C2 category resources (GKZ resource categorisation not typically used in modern resource estimates), 400 x 100 m or 300 x 200 m for P1 category.
· Geochemical Sampling - 737 geochemical samples collected.
· Core Sampling - 16 core samples analysed.
· Geophysical Logging: - 6,607 linear metres of gamma logging.
The results of the historical exploration found that the Rulikha Deposit hosts VMS-polymetallic mineralisation, primarily copper, zinc and lead, with some gold and silver. Mineralisation is localised in tuffs, volcanic sediments and extrusive units from the Middle-Upper Devonian boundary. Mineralisation is associated with vein-type and stratiform ores. Metallurgical or processing test work for the Rulikha Deposit has not been completed to date.
East Star Resources Plc
Alex Walker, Chief Executive Officer
Tel: +44 (0)20 7390 0234 (via Vigo Consulting)
SI Capital (Corporate Broker)
Nick Emerson
Tel: +44 (0)1483 413 500
Vigo Consulting (Investor Relations)
Ben Simons / Peter Jacob
Tel: +44 (0)20 7390 0234
About East Star Resources Plc
East Star Resources is focused on the discovery and development of copper and gold in Kazakhstan. East Star's management are based permanently on the ground, supported by local expertise. The Company is pursuing three exploration strategies:
· A Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide (VMS) discovery with a maiden JORC MRE of 20.3Mt @ 1.16% copper, 1.54% zinc and 0.27% lead, in an infrastructure-rich region, amenable to a low capex development
· Copper porphyry and epithermal gold exploration, with multiple opportunities for Tier 1 deposits, initially supported by an initial US$500k grant from BHP Xplor in 2024.
· Sediment-hosted copper exploration with Getech where the initial targeting strategy is at no cost to East Star.
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The person who arranged for the release of this announcement was Alex Walker, CEO of the Company.
Competent Person Statement
Scientific or technical information in this disclosure related to exploration was reviewed by Dr Tremain Woods, a full-time employee of Discovery Ventures Kazakhstan Ltd, a 100% owned subsidiary of East Star Resources PLC. Dr Woods is a member in good standing with the Geological Society of South Africa. He has sufficient experience that is relevant to the commodity, style of mineralisation or type of deposit under consideration and activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person under the JORC code (2012 Edition).
Table 1 Historic Drill Results
| Hole ID | Year | Azimuth | Dip | X | Y | Z | Depth (m) | From (m) | To (m) | Thickness (m) | Cu (%) | Pb (%) | Zn (%) | Au (g/t) | Ag (g/t) |
| DH_101 | 1983 | 86 | -89 | 569205.1 | 5594002 | 450 | 470.9 | 92.7 | 93.7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.52 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_101 | 1983 | 86 | -89 | 569205.1 | 5594002 | 450 | 470.9 | 137.5 | 139.5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0.52 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_101 | 1983 | 86 | -89 | 569205.1 | 5594002 | 450 | 470.9 | 141.5 | 146.5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_101 | 1983 | 86 | -89 | 569205.1 | 5594002 | 450 | 470.9 | 156.5 | 166.5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0.68 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_101 | 1983 | 86 | -89 | 569205.1 | 5594002 | 450 | 470.9 | 170.5 | 174.5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0.81 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_101 | 1983 | 86 | -89 | 569205.1 | 5594002 | 450 | 470.9 | 176.5 | 182.5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1.07 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_101 | 1983 | 86 | -89 | 569205.1 | 5594002 | 450 | 470.9 | 215.4 | 221.4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0.68 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_101 | 1983 | 86 | -89 | 569205.1 | 5594002 | 450 | 470.9 | 225.4 | 238.4 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1.05 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_101 | 1983 | 86 | -89 | 569205.1 | 5594002 | 450 | 470.9 | 239.4 | 241.4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_101 | 1983 | 86 | -89 | 569205.1 | 5594002 | 450 | 470.9 | 245.4 | 247.4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0.57 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_270 | 1983 | 38 | -87 | 568773.6 | 5593831 | 355 | 604 | 107.2 | 107.8 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.45 | 0.85 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_270 | 1983 | 38 | -87 | 568773.6 | 5593831 | 355 | 604 | 132.5 | 133.2 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 2.87 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_270 | 1983 | 38 | -87 | 568773.6 | 5593831 | 355 | 604 | 135.6 | 137.3 | 1.7 | 0 | 0.11 | 0.45 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_270 | 1983 | 38 | -87 | 568773.6 | 5593831 | 355 | 604 | 139.3 | 147.8 | 8.5 | 0 | 0.13 | 0.47 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_271 (20/78) | 1983 | 254 | -90 | 569119.2 | 5593696 | 450 | 1048 | 168 | 174 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_271 (20/78) | 1983 | 254 | -90 | 569119.2 | 5593696 | 450 | 1048 | 273.3 | 277 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_271 (20/78) | 1983 | 254 | -90 | 569119.2 | 5593696 | 450 | 1048 | 288.7 | 289.7 | 1 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.92 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_292 | 1983 | 339 | -86 | 568445.2 | 5594497 | 359 | 858 | 582 | 602 | 20 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 1.08 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_2A | 1992 | 217 | -77 | 571420.2 | 5596046 | 490 | 422 | 145 | 155 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_2A | 1992 | 217 | -77 | 571420.2 | 5596046 | 490 | 422 | 205 | 225 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_2A | 1992 | 217 | -77 | 571420.2 | 5596046 | 490 | 422 | 255 | 275 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_2A | 1992 | 217 | -77 | 571420.2 | 5596046 | 490 | 422 | 378 | 380 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_303 | 1992 | 60 | -87 | 570023.1 | 5595124 | 419 | 508 | 296.5 | 304.6 | 8.1 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_310 | 1992 | 68 | -86 | 570484.8 | 5592706 | 359 | 545.1 | 427.3 | 431 | 3.7 | 0.05 | 0.54 | 0.84 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_318 | 1992 | 44 | -87 | 571316.9 | 5593147 | 374 | 562 | 468.3 | 470.8 | 2.5 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.65 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_318 | 1992 | 44 | -87 | 571316.9 | 5593147 | 374 | 562 | 470.8 | 472 | 1.2 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_319 | 1992 | 31 | -86 | 569710.5 | 5593690 | 364 | 274 | 112.1 | 124.4 | 12.3 | 0.4 | 0.23 | 6.14 | 0.26 | 11.31 |
| DH_319 | 1992 | 31 | -86 | 569710.5 | 5593690 | 364 | 274 | 128.8 | 131.1 | 2.3 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 3.16 | 0.69 | 32.1 |
| DH_319 | 1992 | 31 | -86 | 569710.5 | 5593690 | 364 | 274 | 211 | 211.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.07 | 1.57 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_322 | 1992 | 155 | -90 | 569735.6 | 5594953 | 403 | 591 | 6 | 15 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_322 | 1992 | 155 | -90 | 569735.6 | 5594953 | 403 | 591 | 135 | 139 | 4 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_322 | 1992 | 155 | -90 | 569735.6 | 5594953 | 403 | 591 | 176 | 186 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_322 | 1992 | 155 | -90 | 569735.6 | 5594953 | 403 | 591 | 253 | 263 | 10 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_322 | 1992 | 155 | -90 | 569735.6 | 5594953 | 403 | 591 | 282 | 292 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0.53 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_322 | 1992 | 155 | -90 | 569735.6 | 5594953 | 403 | 591 | 417 | 421 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_322 | 1992 | 155 | -90 | 569735.6 | 5594953 | 403 | 591 | 498 | 505 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_323 | 1992 | 149 | -89 | 566533.5 | 5596287 | 402 | 709 | 296.5 | 304.6 | 8.1 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_323 | 1992 | 149 | -89 | 566533.5 | 5596287 | 402 | 709 | 395 | 399 | 4 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 5.8 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 204 | 207 | 3 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.69 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 215 | 216 | 1 | 0.44 | 0.3 | 1.58 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 223 | 224 | 1 | 0.43 | 2.97 | 2.32 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 224 | 225 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.32 | 0.97 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 230 | 231 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.37 | 0.91 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 231 | 245 | 14 | 0.05 | 0.56 | 1.44 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 255 | 257 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.58 | 0.89 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 257 | 259 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.76 | 1.38 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 259 | 261 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.99 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 267 | 271 | 4 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 1.14 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 271 | 273 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 1.67 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 273 | 275 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.18 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 287 | 289 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2.33 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 291 | 299 | 8 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.88 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 299 | 312 | 13 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.26 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 399 | 400 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 1.82 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 420.8 | 422.8 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2.75 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 444.5 | 446.5 | 2 | 0.3 | 0.05 | 3.86 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_332 | 1992 | 61 | -88 | 569633.7 | 5593579 | 353 | 625 | 446.5 | 448.5 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_333 | 1992 | 57 | -86 | 571285.2 | 5595927 | 497 | 450 | 128.5 | 129.5 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_333 | 1992 | 57 | -86 | 571285.2 | 5595927 | 497 | 450 | 155 | 156 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_333 | 1992 | 57 | -86 | 571285.2 | 5595927 | 497 | 450 | 269 | 270 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_334 | 1992 | 48 | -83 | 571095.4 | 5595475 | 480 | 452 | 436 | 438.5 | 2.5 | 0 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_34 | 1992 | 36 | -90 | 568753 | 5594451 | 389 | 291.8 | 175.9 | 177.9 | 2 | 0.07 | 1.59 | 1.63 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_34 | 1992 | 36 | -90 | 568753 | 5594451 | 389 | 291.8 | 177.9 | 179.9 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.43 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_340 | 1992 | 24 | -88 | 570670 | 5592620 | 355 | 617.2 | 605.2 | 606.4 | 1.2 | 0.38 | 1.45 | 0.68 | 0.1 | 11.2 |
| DH_342 | 1992 | 36 | -86 | 570936.3 | 5595156 | 494 | 700 | 418 | 418.25 | 0.3 | 0 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_342 | 1992 | 36 | -86 | 570936.3 | 5595156 | 494 | 700 | 475.25 | 476 | 0.75 | 0 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_343 (8/81) | 1983 | 21 | -90 | 569228.3 | 5594333 | 450 | 723 | 292.6 | 294.6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0.23 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_343 (8/81) | 1983 | 21 | -90 | 569228.3 | 5594333 | 450 | 723 | 300.6 | 302 | 1.4 | 0.23 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_343 (8/81) | 1983 | 21 | -90 | 569228.3 | 5594333 | 450 | 723 | 371.3 | 373 | 1.7 | 0.27 | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_345 | 1992 | 347 | -78 | 570918.8 | 5596065 | 456 | 628 | 170 | 172.5 | 2.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_34A | 1992 | 55 | -89 | 570304.9 | 5592789 | 357 | 678 | 349 | 349.4 | 0.4 | 0.03 | 2.34 | 4.27 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_34A | 1992 | 55 | -89 | 570304.9 | 5592789 | 357 | 678 | 394 | 395.3 | 1.3 | 0.08 | 1.2 | 2.13 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_34A | 1992 | 55 | -89 | 570304.9 | 5592789 | 357 | 678 | 460 | 465 | 5 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 1.03 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_34A | 1992 | 55 | -89 | 570304.9 | 5592789 | 357 | 678 | 465 | 467.4 | 2.4 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 10.16 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_34A | 1992 | 55 | -89 | 570304.9 | 5592789 | 357 | 678 | 467.4 | 475.8 | 8.4 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.56 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_34A | 1992 | 55 | -89 | 570304.9 | 5592789 | 357 | 678 | 475.8 | 482.8 | 7 | 0.286 | 0.05 | 6.12 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_353 | 1992 | 72 | -89 | 569595.2 | 5593935 | 373 | 127 | 22.9 | 87.2 | 64.3 | 2.71 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 9.52 |
| DH_353 | 1992 | 72 | -89 | 569595.2 | 5593935 | 373 | 127 | 87.2 | 104.1 | 16.9 | 1.25 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.1 | 3.6 |
| DH_356 | 1992 | 53 | -88 | 569536 | 5593888 | 366 | 140 | 34.3 | 46.4 | 12.1 | 4.95 | 0.42 | 10.47 | 0.44 | 17.25 |
| DH_357 | 1992 | 64 | -89 | 569681 | 5593966 | 376 | 266 | 163.7 | 164.5 | 0.8 | 1.03 | 0.1 | 0.21 | 0.1 | 8 |
| DH_357 | 1992 | 64 | -89 | 569681 | 5593966 | 376 | 266 | 164.5 | 166.8 | 2.3 | 2.02 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 6.1 |
| DH_357 | 1992 | 64 | -89 | 569681 | 5593966 | 376 | 266 | 234 | 235.6 | 1.6 | 2.62 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 10.6 |
| DH_357 | 1992 | 64 | -89 | 569681 | 5593966 | 376 | 266 | 239 | 241 | 2 | 1.9 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.2 | 22.8 |
| DH_357 | 1992 | 64 | -89 | 569681 | 5593966 | 376 | 266 | 253.6 | 255.6 | 2 | 2.26 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 6 |
| DH_35A | 1992 | 18 | -83 | 570285.7 | 5592508 | 384 | 865 | 426 | 428 | 2 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_35A | 1992 | 18 | -83 | 570285.7 | 5592508 | 384 | 865 | 461 | 463 | 2 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_366 | 1992 | 43 | -78 | 569657.5 | 5593146 | 583 | 526.7 | 265.6 | 266.6 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.73 | 2.4 | 396.4 |
| DH_366 | 1992 | 43 | -78 | 569657.5 | 5593146 | 583 | 526.7 | 266.6 | 275 | 8.4 | 0.13 | 1.26 | 2.65 | 0.1 | 6.16 |
| DH_366 | 1992 | 43 | -78 | 569657.5 | 5593146 | 583 | 526.7 | 302.4 | 303.7 | 1.3 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 2.69 | 0.2 | 2 |
| DH_368 | 1992 | 45 | -90 | 569211.9 | 5594176 | 363 | 485 | 249.5 | 250.5 | 1 | 0.34 | 0.05 | 2.02 | 0.1 | 6.4 |
| DH_369 | 1992 | 54 | -79 | 569394.4 | 5594327 | 365 | 490.4 | 359.5 | 360.1 | 0.6 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 18 |
| DH_370 | 1992 | 54 | -87 | 569714.4 | 5593241 | 580 | 400 | 240.4 | 247.9 | 7.5 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 2.63 | 0.1 | 4.42 |
| DH_374 | 1992 | 36 | -88 | 569094.1 | 5593910 | 369 | 682 | 597.7 | 599.7 | 2 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.92 | 0.1 | 2 |
| DH_374 | 1992 | 36 | -88 | 569094.1 | 5593910 | 369 | 682 | 606 | 610.2 | 4.2 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 2.94 | 0.1 | 2 |
| DH_375 | 1992 | 36 | -90 | 569010.8 | 5594089 | 383 | 207.9 | 26.3 | 29 | 2.7 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 1.16 | 0.1 | 4.4 |
| DH_375 | 1992 | 36 | -90 | 569010.8 | 5594089 | 383 | 207.9 | 29 | 32.8 | 3.8 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 4 |
| DH_375 | 1992 | 36 | -90 | 569010.8 | 5594089 | 383 | 207.9 | 116 | 118.5 | 2.5 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 2 |
| DH_375 | 1992 | 36 | -90 | 569010.8 | 5594089 | 383 | 207.9 | 118.5 | 120 | 1.5 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 1 | 0.1 | 2 |
| DH_376 | 1992 | 36 | -89 | 568904.9 | 5593999 | 371 | 520 | 170.8 | 172.8 | 2 | 0.05 | 0.76 | 0.96 | 0.1 | 2 |
| DH_378 | 1992 | 35 | -84 | 568627.1 | 5594255 | 400 | 705 | 552.7 | 558.1 | 5.4 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 2 |
| DH_380 | 1992 | 36 | -89 | 568812.3 | 5593901 | 359 | 414 | 41.5 | 42.5 | 1 | 0.47 | 2.44 | 6.92 | 0.3 | 10.8 |
| DH_380 | 1992 | 36 | -89 | 568812.3 | 5593901 | 359 | 414 | 61.5 | 62 | 0.5 | 0.05 | 2.44 | 4.56 | 0.2 | 8.4 |
| DH_380 | 1992 | 36 | -89 | 568812.3 | 5593901 | 359 | 414 | 62 | 64 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 1.31 | 0.1 | 2 |
| DH_380 | 1992 | 36 | -89 | 568812.3 | 5593901 | 359 | 414 | 147 | 148 | 1 | 0.11 | 4.63 | 8.85 | 0.2 | 8 |
| DH_381 | 1992 | 19 | -90 | 569074.3 | 5593787 | 372 | 636 | 44.3 | 46.2 | 1.9 | 0.08 | 0.42 | 0.77 | 0.1 | 3.9 |
| DH_381 | 1992 | 19 | -90 | 569074.3 | 5593787 | 372 | 636 | 46.2 | 50.6 | 4.4 | 0.08 | 1.17 | 2.75 | 0.1 | 4.1 |
| DH_3A | 1992 | 251 | -82 | 571270.1 | 5596083 | 500 | 405 | 8 | 45 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_3A | 1992 | 251 | -82 | 571270.1 | 5596083 | 500 | 405 | 70 | 78 | 8 | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_3A | 1992 | 251 | -82 | 571270.1 | 5596083 | 500 | 405 | 152 | 156 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_3A | 1992 | 251 | -82 | 571270.1 | 5596083 | 500 | 405 | 226 | 234 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_6 | 1992 | 107 | -75 | 571102 | 5596106 | 539 | 62.1 | 0 | 13 | 13 | 0.75 | 0.47 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_6 | 1992 | 107 | -75 | 571102 | 5596106 | 539 | 62.1 | 30.6 | 34.75 | 4.15 | 0.42 | 0.15 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_76 | 1983 | 249 | -89 | 569239.5 | 5594460 | 450 | 416.7 | 275.15 | 276.35 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 1.06 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_76 | 1983 | 249 | -89 | 569239.5 | 5594460 | 450 | 416.7 | 397 | 398 | 1 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_8 | 1949 | 112 | -72 | 571224 | 5595871 | 496 | 218.21 | 19.5 | 20.1 | 0.6 | 0.08 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_8 | 1949 | 112 | -72 | 571224 | 5595871 | 496 | 218.21 | 158.73 | 160 | 1.27 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_8 | 1949 | 112 | -72 | 571224 | 5595871 | 496 | 218.21 | 161.63 | 162.93 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_8 | 1949 | 112 | -72 | 571224 | 5595871 | 496 | 218.21 | 168.88 | 169.38 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 |
| DH_8 | 1949 | 112 | -72 | 571224 | 5595871 | 496 | 218.21 | 169.38 | 169.48 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |
Table 2 - JORC Code, 2012 Edition
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sampling techniques | · Nature and quality of sampling (e.g. cut channels, random chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling. · Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used. · Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report. · In cases where 'industry standard' work has been done this would be relatively simple (e.g. 'reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay'). In other cases, more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (e.g. submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information. | · Samples were taken from diamond drill core through sulphide or oxide mineralised intervals. · Sampling intervals ranged from 0.1 m to over 1.0m · Sample quality was ensured by a GKZ standard calculations to ensure results from X-ray spectral analyses were representative · A total of 599 meters of core was sampled for the Rulikha Deposit · Core samples were prepared by the geological expeditions by cutting the core in half, crushing and milling the samples (the size fractions aren't recorded but noted as standard fractions), then analysed with X-ray spectral techniques · No core is available for verification sampling
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| Drilling techniques | · Drill type (e.g. core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (e.g. core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). | · Drilling was conducted using standard HQ sized diamond drilling technique. · Various drilling campaigns were conducted by geological expeditions as detailed above. · The drill holes purpose ranged from geochemical sampling using KGK techniques (these holes are not included in the data for this announcement) to deeper stratigraphic holes. Only holes with assay data through the Rulikha deposit were included in this announcement. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Drill sample recovery | · Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed. · Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples. · Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material. | · Core recovery was an average of 42%, the total range was from 17 - 66% recovery · Recovery logs are unavailable for drill hole data base, so the relationship between recovery and grade has not been evaluated. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Logging | · Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies. · Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography. · The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged. | · Geologists from the various companies and expeditions completed logging. · The logging was approved by the committee for geology. · Sections and plan maps were available to verify geology and structure. · East Star geologists were able to confirm the geology at surface with geological mapping at a scale of 1:2000 in 2024. · Approximately 80% of the logged sections were available for this announcement, strip logs and additional information has been requested to inform future work. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation | · If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken. · If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet or dry. · For all sample types, the nature, quality, and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. · Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples. · Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in-situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling. · Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled. | · Half core samples were collected for processing. · Sub sampling techniques aren't clearly recorded in the reports available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Quality of assay data and laboratory tests | · The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total. · For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc. · Nature of quality control procedures adopted (e.g. standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have been established. | · The samples were analyzed using X-ray spectral analysis, which requires finely powdered, homogeneous samples to ensure accurate detection of elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Au and Ag). · It's unclear if Au and Ag analyses were conducted on all samples analysed · The preparation would have been tailored to produce a sample compatible with the X-ray spectrometer, typically involving pressing the powdered sample into a pellet or fusing it into a glass bead for analysis, though the reports do not specify these steps. · X-ray spectral techniques were commonly used in historical exploration in the soviet era. The techniques have been subsequently replaced by modern analytical techniques, however, they are generally viewed as having produced accurate results. The quality of the data has only been evaluated as reported historically by East Star geologists and have been represented as such in this announcement. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Verification of sampling and assaying | · The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel. · The use of twinned holes. · Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. · Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | · Sampling data has been compared between reports. · No verification sampling of the historical assays has been conducted. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Location of data points | · Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation. · Specification of the grid system used. · Quality and adequacy of topographic control. | · Drill holes were surveyed using Garmin GPSMAP 62S handheld GPS device. DGPS surveys are planned once all drilling is completed. · Grid system WGS84, UTM44N. · 20 historical drill holes have been located in the area during mapping activities in 2023-2024. · Some errors were noted in the elevation readings (from 5 - 14 m errors), these were adjusted to the elevation values of the SRTM topography over the area. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data spacing and distribution | · Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. · Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. · Whether sample compositing has been applied. | · Historical drilling grid for the Rulikha deposit: 200 x 100 m for C2 category resources, 400 x 100 m or 300 x 200 m for P1 category. · Geological distribution is sufficient for an exploration target or preliminary Resource calcluations. · Significant intercepts are reported for results from 2024 drilling using the following parameters:
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| Orientation of data in relation to geological structure | · Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type. · If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralized structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material. | · Samples were reportedly taken for intervals with significant sulphide mineralization. · The ore body generally dips 10 to 25° to the SW. In some parts of the deposit the ore body dips steeper 40. These steeper areas of mineralization are interpreted to be the result of post mineralization deformation. · The ore body is cut by NS and EW faults. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sample security | · The measures taken to ensure sample security. | · Sample security is unclear and cannot be verified by East Star. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Audits or reviews | · The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data. | · No audits were undertaken for this work. |
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mineral tenement and land tenure status | · Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings. · The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area. | · The Rulikha polymetallic Deposit is partially located in the eastern part of exploration license 1799-EL (the "License"). The license was issued to Rudny Resources Limited on 28 July 2022 for initial period of 6 years with a possibility of further five years extension subject to reduction of the license area by 40%. · East Star resources have servitude for exploration from the local Akim (administrative head), and local landholders, over some areas within the Licence and the license can be explored under these agreements. Additional agreements will be required for the Rulikha deposit. · Some other areas within the Licence are restricted in access due to hydrogeological constraints. Additional permission will be required to gain access to drill within these areas. · There are no known legal or security impediments to obtaining a mining license. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exploration done by other parties | · Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. | · Table of previously completed exploration
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| Geology | · Deposit type, geological setting, and style of mineralisation. | · Rulikha is Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide (VMS) deposit. Historical reports indicate that the type is felsic bimodal (or Kuroko-type). · The mineralization is lenticular massive and disseminated sulphides hosted in volcaniclastic units sub horizontal units. · Mineralisation occurs as zinc rich and copper-zinc rich units · The area has seen post depositional deformation in the form of folding and faulting | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Drill hole Information | · A summary of all information material to the understanding of the exploration results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material drill holes: o easting and northing of the drill hole collar o elevation or RL (Reduced Level - elevation above sea level in metres) of the drill hole collar o dip and azimuth of the hole o down hole length and interception depth o hole length. · If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why this is the case. | · See table 1 for drill hole information and significant intercepts · No material information has been excluded from this report |
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| Data aggregation methods | · In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (e.g. cutting of high grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated. · Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high-grade results and longer lengths of low-grade results, the procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown in detail. · The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be clearly stated. | · Significant intercepts are reported for historical results. · No metal equivalents are reported. · Results for 5 elements are reported: Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Relationship between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths | · These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration Results. · If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported. · If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should be a clear statement to this effect (e.g. 'down hole length, true width not known'). | · The ore bodies are generally concordant to lithology. · Drill holes were generally drilled vertically. · Reported intercepts are therefore interpreted to be reasonably representative of true thickness, although this cannot be quantified at this stage of work. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diagrams | · Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported These should include but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views. | · Relevant diagrams have been included in the body text. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balanced reporting | · Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practical, representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results. | · Grades below the cut off parameters have not been reported with these results. However, the mineralization has been noted within East Star's models and will inform future work. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other substantive exploration data | · Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples - size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances. | · Not applicable. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Further work | · The nature and scale of planned further work (e.g. tests for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling). · Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive. | · East star is planning to model the historical results to understand economic viability. This may be followed by verification drilling and resource estimation. · Adjacent licenses are under application · Map of planned and completed drillholes is included in the body text.
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